LOPHOSPIZiAS. 401 



1246. Lophospizias trivirgatus. The Crested Gotthawl. 

 Falco trivirgatus, Temm. PL Col. pi. 303 (1824). 

 Spizaetus rufitinctus, McClelland, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 153. 

 Astur indicus, Hpdgs. in Gray's Zool. Misc.y. 81 (1844), descr.nulla. 

 Lophospiza trivirgatus, Kaup, Class. Sdugth. Vbg. p. 118; Hume, 



Rough Notes, p. 116 ; Bourdillon, S. F. iv, p. 855 ; ix, p. 299. 

 Astur trivirgatus, Blyth, Cat. p. 23 ; Horsf. $ M. Cat. i, p. 42 ; Beavan, 



-r-fc rw rv -\r\nr\ or\ j rvt *~* -- -m - , .,- - 



in Hume's N. 

 Astur 



r ume's N. fy E. 2nd ed. iii, p. 119 ; Barnes, Birds Bom. p. 22. 

 jtur (Lophospiza) trivirgatus, Jerdon, B. I. i, p. 47 ; Godw.-Aust. 

 J. A. S. B. xxxix, pt. 2, p. 92 ; Hartert, J.f. O. 1889, p. 375. 

 Lophospizias trivirgatus, Gurney, Ibis, 1875, p. 355 ; id. S. F. v, 

 p. 502 : Blyth $ Wald. Birds Burm. p. 62 : Salvadori, Ann. Mus. 

 Civ. Gen. (2) vii. p. 374. 

 Lophospiza indica, Hume fy Oates, S. F. iii, p. 24 ; Hume $ Inglis. 



S. F. v, p. 8. 

 Lophospiza rufitinctus, Hume, S. F. v, p. 124 ; Hume & Dav. S. F. 



vi, p. 7. 



Astur rufitinctus, Hume, S. F. vii, p. 197 ; xi, p. 7 ; id. Cat. no. 22 bis. 

 Gor Besra, Manik Besra, Koteswar, II.; Churinri, Jamal Kathi, Jurye 

 Nepal ; Kokila dega, Tel. 



Coloration. Adult. Forehead, crown, and small nuchal crest 

 blackish, passing into ashy on the sides of the head and neck, the 

 feathers dark-shafted ; cheeks and ear-coverts ashy ; upper parts 

 from the nape dark brown with more or less gloss ; upper tail- 

 coverts tipped white ; quills with blackish bars, ill-marked above, 

 distinct below ; tail-feathers with 4 broad blackish bands ; chin and 

 throat white with 3 blackish stripes, one median and one on each 

 side bordering the grey cheeks ; breast- feathers rufous-brown, 

 paler or darker, with white edges, the amount of brown apparently 

 increasing with age ; abdomen and thigh -coverts transversely 

 barred white and brown, the bars broader on the abdomen than on 

 the thighs ; under tail-coverts white ; under wing-coverts buffy 

 white with brown spots. 



Young birds are brown above, the feathers with pale edges and 

 the buff basal portions showing on the head and neck ; lower sur- 

 faces buff, with indications of the three gular stripes, and with 

 some brown spots on the breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts, 

 and a few dark bars on the thigh-coverts. 



Bill dark bluish brown, blackish at the tip ; cere, gape, and eyelids 

 greenish yellow ; irides golden yellow ; legs and feet dull or pale 

 yellow. 



Himalayan females measure : length about 18 inches ; tail 8-5 ; 

 wing 1O5 ; tarsus 2'75 ; bill from gape 1*2 : males rather less, 

 wing 9*3. Birds from Southern India and Ceylon are much 

 smaller length of females about 16 ; tail 7 ; wing 8*5 ; tarsus 2'3 ; 

 bill from gape 1*1 : of males, length 14-5, wing 8. The large race 

 is L. vufitinctus of McClelland and L. indicus of Hodgson ; the 

 smaller agrees with typical L. trivirgatus, originally described from 

 Sumatra. As there is no distinction except size, this is clearly 



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