COLUMBA. 31 



surface is slightly paler, and the lower breast, abdomen, and lower 

 tail-coverts are pale ashy grey, the upper breast is tinged with 

 lilac, and there is a broad white band across the middle of the 

 tail. The lower back is white, as in C. livia; the rump and upper 

 tail-coverts dark slaty grey. 



The wing is very pointed, the 1st quill being as long as the 

 2nd or longer. 



Bill black; iricles golden red : feet lobster-red (Stoliczka). 



Length about 13 ; tail 5 ; wing 9 ; tarsus I'l ; bill from gape '95. 



Distribution. Central Asia from Gilgit to South Siberia and 

 Corea: common in Tibet and in some of the drier valleys of the 

 higher Himalayas. This Pigeon has been recorded from Gilgit, 

 Dras, Leh, and the Upper Indus A 7 alley generally Lahaul, Upper 

 Kumaun and Tibet north of Sikhim,but specimens labelled Kashmir, 

 Sikhim, and Darjiling in the British Museum Collection probably 

 come from more northern localities. 



Habits, $c. This Pigeon has generally been se*n associating in 

 flocks with C. livia. Its habits are similar; Marshall found it 

 breeding on cliffs in the Pangi Valley (Upper Chenab). 



1295. Columba eversmanni. The Eastern Stock-Pigeon. 



Oolumba eversmanni, Bonap. Compt. Rend, xliii, p. 838 (1856) ; 



Sharpe, Yarkand Miss., Aves, p. 116; Saloadori, Cat. B. M. xxi, 



p. 264. 

 Palumboena eversmanni, Bli/th, J. A. S. B. xxvi, p. 219 ; Jerdon, 



B. 1. iii, p. 467 ; Beavan, Ibis, 1868, p. 374 : Ilitme, S. F. i, p. 217; 

 id. fy If end. Lah. to Yark. p. 271, pi. xxxi ; id. Cat. no. 787 ; 



C. H. T. Marshall, Ibis, 1884, p. 421 ; Barnes, Birds Bom. p. 288 : 

 Reid, 8. F. x, p. 59. 



Palumboena oenieapilla, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xxvi, p. 219. 



The Indian Stock-Pigeon, Jerdon : Kamar-Kidar, H. 



Coloration ashy grey ; crown and hind neck and breast tinged 

 with lilac ; sides and bark of lower neck glossed with metallic 

 green, changing to reel lilac, but less distinctly than in C. livia ; 

 back and scapulars with tips of quills brownish ; three imperfect 

 black bars, often indistinct or interrupted, on the secondaries and 

 their coverts; lower back white; rump and upper tail-coverts 

 leaden grey, often with darker edges ; base of tail also leaden grey, 

 terminal third blackish, crossed by a paler grey band on the outer 

 feathers ; basal portion of outer web of outermost rectrices white ; 

 axillaries and inner part of wing-lining white. 



Bill pale yellowish green, base of lower mandible and gape 

 slaty ; irides dark yellow ; legs and feet yellowish fleshy (Hume}. 



Length about 12 ; tail 4; wing 8 ; tarsus 1 ; bill from gape '9. 



Distribution. A migratory bird, breeding and passing the summer 

 in Central Asia, and visiting the Punjab, Sind, the North-western 

 Provinces, and Oudh in winter. It is the E istern representative 

 of C. cenas, the Stock-Pigeon or Stock-Dove of Europe, a much 

 larger bird with a proportionally longer tail. 



