TUIITUR. 41 



Ibis, 1885, p. 130 ; Barnes, Birds Bom. p. 290 ; Hume, S. F. xi, 

 p. 298 ; Otdes in Hume's N. fy E. 2nd t- 1. ii, p. 3/50. 

 Turtur orientalis, Bli/th, Cat. p. 236 ; Anders. Yunnan Exped., Aves, 

 p. 66b' ; &?M%, & ^. viii, p. 340 : Wardl. Rams. Ibis, 1880, p. 69 ; 

 Salvadori, Cat. B. M. xxi, p. 40-3. 



Kala fakhta, Baskofakhta, II. ; Sam yhiigu, Beng. ; Yedru poda guwa, 

 Tel. 



Coloration. Head, neck, and back brown, more or less suffused 

 with vinous, the edges of the feathers sometimes rufous, the crown 

 and forehead often tinged with bluish grey ; on each side of the 

 neck a patch of black feathers tipped with bluish grey ; lesser 

 and median coverts, scapulars, and tertiaries blackish with broad 

 ferruginous borders : primary and larger coverts brown, tinged 

 with grey ; quills brown, with linear pale outer edges ; lower back 

 and rump slaty grey ; upper tail-coverts brown ; tail-feathers 

 blackish brown, all except the median pair tipped with slaty grey, 

 the border of the outer web on the outermost pair also grey ; 

 lower parts vinous, chin and middle of throat paler ; vent, under 

 tail-coverts, and wing-lining dark slaty grey. 



Young birds want the neck- patch ; they are browner and less 

 rufous than adults, and have pale borders to the feathers of the 

 back, wing-coverts, and breast. 



Bill brown, with a tinge of vinous on the basal half; irides 

 orange ; eyelids pale blue ; edges of eyelids red ; legs vinous red ; 

 claws black (Oates). 



Length about 13 ; tail 5; wing 7 ; tarsus '85 ; bill from gape 1. 



Distribution. A resident species, ranging from the Eastern 

 Himalayas, through out Assam and Burma, to Northern Tenasserim ; 

 found also in Bengal, Chutia Nagpur, Central India, and the 

 Deccan north of about 15 N. lat., but not in the Himalayas west 

 of Nepal, the N.W. Provinces, ncr Eaiputana, except as an 

 occasional straggler. To the north-eastward this Dove ranges to 

 Manchuria, Corea, and Japan. 



Habits, 6fc. Although it moves about to some extent, this is not 

 a truly migratory bird like the next two species. It is more often 

 seen in flocks than Indian doves generally are, but it is on the 

 whole not a common bird. It has a very deep, thrice-repeated 

 note. Hume thinks that the breeding-season is from December 

 to April ; the eggs are of course two in number, white, glossy, and 

 oval. 



1305. Turtur ferrago. The, Indian Turtle-Dove. 



Columba fervago, Evcrsm. Add. Pall. Zooar. Itoss.-Asiat. fasc. iii, 

 p. 17 (1842). 



Columba pulchvara, Hodys. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 85 (1844), descr. 

 nulla. 



Turtur rupicolus, ap\td Jerdon, B. I. iii, p. 476 ; Blyth, Ibis, 1867, 

 p. 149; Stoliczka, J. A. S. B. xxxvii, pt. 2, p. 66; Beavan, Ibis, 

 1868, p. 374; Hume, Ibis, 1870, p. 438; Cock $ Marsh. S. F. i, 

 p. 358 ; Adam, ibid. p. 390 ; Fairbank, S. F. iv, p. 262 ; C. H. T. 

 Marshall, Ibis, 1884, p. 421 ; nee Columba rupicola, Pall. 



