42 COLUMBIA. 



Turtur vitticollis, apud Hume Sf Renders. Lali. to Yark. p. 274, nee 



Hodys. 

 Turtur pulchrata, Hume, N. $ E. p. 500 ; Butler, S.. F. iv, p. 3 ; 



Hume, Cat. no. 792; Leave, Birds Cei/l. p. 711 ; Sutler, S. F. ix, 



p. 420 ; Reid, S. F. x, p. 60 ; Davidson, ibid. p. 315 ; Davison, 



ibid. p. 407 ; Barnes, Birds Bom. p. 290 ; Davidson, Jour. Bom. 



N. H. Soc. v, p. 330. 

 Turtur ferrago, War dl. Rams. Ibis, 1880, p. 68; Scully, Ibis, 1881, 



p. 584 ; Biddulph, Ibis, 1882, p. 286 ; Sakadori, Cat. B. M. xxi, 



p. 401. 

 Turtur pulchrala (Hodus.}, Oates in Humes If. 8f E. 2nd ed. ii, 



p. 349. 



The Ashy Turtle-Dove, Jerdon ; Koin, Chamba ; Hulaaud, Mahr. 



Coloration similar to that of T. orientalis, except that the middle 

 of the abdomen is whitish and the vent, lower tail-coverts, tips of 

 the tail-feathers, and outer webs of the outermost rectrices are 

 white or very pale grey. The general coloration, as a rule, is slightly 

 less rufous and the head greyer. The tips of the feathers of the 

 neck -patches are grey, as in T. orientals. 



Bill blackish : legs dull purple-lake (Jerdon}. Irides light orange 

 (Barnes}. 



Length 13 ; tail 5-25 ; wing 7'25 ; tarsus '85 ; bill from gape 1. 



Distribution. This Dove breeds in the Himalayas from Afghanistan 

 to Sikhim, and also throughout a large area in Central Asia, in- 

 cluding Turkestan and South-western Siberia ; it visits Northern 

 India in the winter, avoiding the desert tracts, and is found as far 

 south as the Deccan ; whilst rare stragglers have been obtained by 

 Davidson in the Wynaad and by one or two observers in Ceylon. 

 Some skins from Nepal and occasionally from the plains of India 

 are intermediate between this and T. orientalis ; but generally the 

 two forms are easily distinguished, though closely allied. 



Habits, fyc. Very similar to those of the last species, except that 

 this is a distinctly migratory bird and is less social, though some- 

 times seen in flocks. It breeds at elevations of 4000-8000 feet in 

 the Himalayas from May to August, and lays the usual two oval, 

 white, glossy eggs, measuring about 1-22 by -93, on a smnll plat- 

 form of twigs on a tree. Davidson found a nest that he believed 

 to belong to this species in the Satpuras, north of Khandesh, in 

 March. 



1306. Turtur communis. The Turtle-Dove. 



Columba turtur, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 284 (1766). 



Turtur communis, Selby, Nat. Libr., Ornith. v, pp. 153, 171 (1835), 

 descr. nulla ; St. John, Ibis, 1889, p. 174. 



Turtur auritus, Ray, G. R. Gray, List Gen. B. p. 58 (1840) ; Hume # 

 Henders. Lali. to Yark. p. 278 ; Scully, S. F. iv, p. 177; Biddulph, 

 Ibis, 1881, p. 92 ; Scully, ibid. p. 585 ; Sivinhoc, Ibis, 1882, p. 117. 



Turtur turtur, Salvadori, Cat. B. M. xxi, p. 396. 



Coloration. Head and neck bluish grey above, and the tips of 

 the black feathers forming the neck-patches white instead of grey; 

 breast lilac rather than vinous ; abdomen white, the flanks ashy; 



