220 



Hydrophasianus sinensis, Gray, Gen. B. iii, p. 589 ; Blyth, Ibis, 

 1867, p. 170 ; Stoliczka, J. A. S. B. xli, p. 254 ; Hume $ Renders. 

 Lah. to Yark. p. 290 ; Blyth $ Wald. Birds Burm. p. 157. 



Hydrophasianus chirurgus, Blyth, Cat. p. 273 ; Jerdon, B. I. iii, 

 p. 709 ; Hume, S. F. i, p. 249 ; Adam, ibid. p. 397 ; Hayes Lloyd, 

 Ibis, 1873, p. 418 ; Butler, S. F. iv, p. 20 ; ix, p. 431 j Hume $ 

 Dav. S. F. vi, p. 464 ; Hume, S. F. vii, pp. 97, 489 ; Ball, ibid. 

 p. 229 ; Cripps, ibid. p. 304 ; Legye, Birds Ceyl. p. 914 ; Hume, Cat. 

 no. 901 ; Vidal, S. F. ix, p. 86 ; Reid, S. F. x, p. 72 ; Scully, Ibis, 

 1881, p. 590 ; Davidson, S. F. x, p. 321 ; Barnes, Birds Bom. 

 p. 364 ; id. Jour. Bom. N. H. Soc. vi, p. 134, fig. 901 (egg) ; 



Hydrophasis chirurgus, Sharpe, Cat. B. M. xxiv, p. 69. 



Piho, Pihuya, H., also Surdal or Sukdal, Miwa, Dal-kukra, Bhepi, 

 Jal-manjor, Chittra-Billai, Bee gal and Behar ; Balal Saaru, Newiya, 

 Ceylon. 



Coloration. In winter plumage the crown, hind neck, back, 

 scapulars, tertiaries, rump, upper tail-coverts, and middle tail- 

 feathers are brown, slightly mixed with white on the forehead and 

 hind neck ; lores and supercilia white ; from the hinder extremity 

 of each supercilium a pale brownish-yellow band runs down the 

 side of the neck, bordered by a blackish band from the gape, in- 

 cluding the orbit and ear-coverts, and expanding into a broad 

 black gorget across the breast ; rest of lower parts and outer tail- 

 feathers white; wing-coverts white, except the inner, median, and 

 greater coverts, which are whity-brown barred with dark brown ; 

 1st primary black, 2nd black with part of the inner web near the 

 base white, the white increasing and black diminishing on the 

 inner primaries until only the tips and edges near the tips remain 

 dark ; secondaries white. 



In the breeding season the head, throat, and fore neck are 

 white ; a patch on the occiput black ; back of neck pale shining 

 golden-yellow, bordered on each side by a black line ; back, sca- 

 pulars, tertiaries, sides of breast, and lower parts from neck choco- 

 late-brown, blackish beneath, passing into black on the rump and 

 upper tail-coverts ; tail black ; wing-coverts white, primary- 

 coverts tipped with black, quills as in winter ; under wing-coverts 

 and axillaries white. 



Young birds resemble adults in winter plumage, except that the 

 crown is dull rufous and the feathers of the upper parts have 

 rufous edges ; there is no yellow at the side of the neck, but the 

 dark band remains ; the gorget, however, is replaced by brown 

 spots and bars. 



The nestling is clad in black clown, with three bright brown 

 streaks, one down the head and back and one down each side 

 (Parker). 



Bill in summer bluish ; iris brown ; legs and feet pale plum- 

 beous : in winter, bill dark brown, basal half of lower mandible 

 bright yellow ; iris pale yellow ; legs dull greenish (Oates). 



