224 



occurrence. Common about Karachi, found abundantly by Hume 

 at the Laccadives, and far from rare at the Andamans, Nicobars, 

 and other islands of the Bay of Bengal. The Turnstone is not, as 

 a rule, found away from the sea-coasts or estuaries except when 

 migrating. It is generally met with, in India, in the cold season, 

 but has been shot in Ceylon in June, and at Karachi in August ; 

 it is, however, only known to breed in high northern latitudes. 



Habits, <Sfc. The Turnstone derives its name from its habit of 

 turning over stones, shells, &c., on the sea-shore in order to feed 

 on the crustaceans, mollusca, and worms that shelter beneath 

 them. At the Laccadives Hume foTmd Turnstones swimming in 

 the sea like Phalaropes. 



Genus SARCOGRAMMUS, Eeichenbach, 1852. 



Although, as Hume has shown, it is probable that Strickland 

 intended the Indian Eed -wattled Lapwing to be the type of his 

 genus Lobivanellus, still, as that genus comprises two fairly separ- 

 able groups of species, we must class one or the other under a 

 different generic heading, and the present is the first name pro- 

 posed. It contains only two Indian species. 



The bill is of moderate length, the terminal portion of the 

 upper mandible slightly swollen, the culm en flattened at the base ; 

 nostrils linear, in a groove extending beyond the middle of the bill. 

 There is a fleshy wattle or latchet in front of the eye. The wing 

 is long and with a tubercle at the bend, developed into a short 

 horny spur at the breeding season. Tail even. Tarsus long, 

 reticulated throughout ; a small hind toe. 



Key to the Species. 



a. A white band down each side of neck to 



breast & indicus, p. 224. 



b. A white band from eye to ear-coverts only, 



lower neck black all round S. atrinuchalis, p. 226. 



1431. Sarcogrammus indicus. The Red-wattled Lapwing. 



Tringa indica, Bodd. Tabl. PI. Enl p. 50 (1783). 



Parra goensis, Gm. Syst, Nat. i, p. 706 (1788). 



Lobivanellus goensis, Strickland, P. Z. S. 1841, p. 33; Blyth, Cat. 



p. 261 ; Irby, Ibis, 1861, p. 237 ; Jerdon, B. I. iii, p. 648 ; Beavan, 



Ibis, 1868, p. 390; Stoliczka, J. A. S. B. xxxvii, pt. 2, p. 70; 



Godw.-Aust. J. A. S. B. xxxix, pt. 2, p. 273; C. H. T. Marshall, 



Ibis, 1884, p. 424. 

 Lobivanellus indicus, Stoliczka, J. A. S. B. xli, pt. 2, p. 251 ; Hume, 



N. fy E. p. 574 ; id. S. F. i, p. 232 ; Adam, ibid. p. 394 ; Ball, S. F. 



iii, p. 209 ; vii, p. 227 ; Butler, S. F. iv, p. 14 ; ix, p. 427 ; Hume, 



>. 66 : Damson, ibid. p. 413 ; Barnes, Birds Bom. p. 334 ; id. Jour. 

 3om.'N. H. Soc.\\, p. 22; Seebohm, Charadr. p. 184; St. John, 



