PHALAROPUS. 281 



of land. They breed in high northern latitudes, on the shores of 

 the sea or of lakes, and lay four ochreous eggs, spotted and 

 blotched as usual in the family. The males incubate, aud, as so 

 frequently happens in such cases, are inferior in size and in the 

 completeness of the nuptial plumage to the females. 



Three species are known, differing considerably in structure, so 

 that each has been made the type of a separate genus. Two have 

 occurred in India. 



Key to the Species. 



a. Bill slender, subcylindrical, anteriorly narrower 



than the tarsus ; wing about 4'25 P. hyperboreus, p. 281. 



b. Bill flat, broader than high, or than the tarsus ; 



wing 5 to 5-5 P. fulicarius, p. 282. 



1480. Phalaropus hyperboreus. The Red-necked Phalarope. 



Tringa hyperborea & T. lobata, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 249 (1766). 

 Lobipes hyperboreus, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xxiii, p. 214 ; xxviii, p. 417 ; 



id. Ibis, 1859, p. 464 ; Hume, 8. F. i, p. 246 ; Adam, S. F. ii, 



p. 388 ; Sutler, S. F. v, p. 290 ; Hume, S. F. vii, pp. 150, 487 ; 



id. Cat. no. 890: Barnes, S. F. ix, p. 4-59; id. Birds Bom. p. 357. 

 Phalaropus hyperboreus, Jerdon, B. 1. iii, p. 696 ; Blanford, Eastern 



Persia, ii, p. 284 ; tieebohm, Charadr. p. 340 ; St. John, Ibis, 1889, 



p. 177; Sclater, Ibis, 1896, p. 156; Blanf. ibid. p. 288; Sharps, 



Cat. B. M. xxiv, p. 698. 

 Phalaropus fulicarius, apud Hume, Ibis, 1872, p. 469; id.S.F.i, 



p. 245 : nee Tringa fulicaria, L. 

 Phalaropus asiaticus & Lobipes tropicus, Hume, S. F. i, pp. 246, 247. 



Fig. 65. Head of P. hyperboreus. \ . 



Coloration in winter. Broad forehead, more or less of the crown, 

 lores, supercilia, cheeks, sides of neck, and all lower parts white ; 

 a black band surrounds the eye, except above, and extends for 

 some distance behind it ; nape and hind neck dusky brown ; mantle 

 blackish brown, with white or buffy-white streaks formed by the 

 edges of the feathers ; a broad white bar on the wing composed 

 of the white tips of the greater secondary-coverts ; inner second- 

 aries mostly white ; middle of rump, upper tail-coverts, and the 

 tail-feathers black, with white edges. 



In summer the crown, sides of head, hind neck and sides of 

 the breast, back, scapulars, and tertiaries are blackish grey ; down 

 each side of the back are buff streaks formed by the edges of the 

 scapulars ; wings and tail browner ; sides of neck ferruginous- 

 red, united across the fore neck in females, but not in males, which 



