292 CHARA.DRIIDJE. 



1487. Gallinago gallinula. The Jack Snipe. 



Scolopax gallinula, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 244 (1706) ; SeeloJim, 



Charadr. p. 480. 

 Gallinago gallinula, Blyth, Cat. p. 272 : Jerdon, B. I. iii, p. 67G ; 



Godw.-Aust. J. A. S. B. xxxix. pt. 2, p. 273 ; Hume, 8. F. i, 



p. 235 ; Adam, ibid. p. 395 ; Butler, S. F. iv, p. 15 ; Fail-bank, ibid. 



p. 263 ; v, p. 410 ; Hume $ Dav. S. F. vi, p. 459 ; Davids. $ Wend. 



S. F. Tii, p. 88 ; Ball, ibid. p. 228 ; Cripps, ibid. p. 302 ; Hume, 



ibid. p. 484 ; id. Cat. no. 872 ; Scully. S. F. viii, p. 356 ; Leyt/c, 



Birds Ceyl. p. 828 ; Hume 6r Marsh. Game B. iii, p. 373, pi. ; 



Vital, S. F. ix, p. 84 ; Butler, find. p. 428 ; Reid, S. F. x, p. 69 ; 



Eden, ibid. p. 165 ; Davidson, ibid. p. 320; Dainson, ibid. p. 414 ; 



Taylor, ibid. p. 465; Oatcs, B. B. ii, p. 384 ; Barnes, Birds Jioni. 



p. 346 ; Hume, S. F. xi, p. 321. 

 Limnocryptes gallinula, Kuup, Naturl. Syst. p. 118: St. John, 



Ibis, 1889, p. 176; Sharpe, Cat. B. M. xxiv, p. 665. 



Fig. 66. Head of G. gallinula. \. 



Coloration. Crown and nape black, with rufous specks, very 

 narrow on forehead between the broad buff superciliary stripes 

 which rnn from the bill to the nape; no median pale band on crown ; 

 sides of head whitish speckled ; a broad dark loral band from the bill 

 to the eye, and a distinct dark cheek-stripe from just behind the gape 

 to beneath the eye and ear-coverts ; hind neck and sides of neck 

 fulvous-brown, with fine black bars and traces of white fringes ; 

 back and scapulars black, glossed with metallic green and purple, 

 spotted with rufous ; outer webs of scapulars chiefly rich buff, 

 forming a broad band down each side of the back ; outer webs of 

 tertiaries rufous and black, with buff outer edges ; lesser and 

 median wing-coverts black with buff edges ; larger secondary- 

 coverts and primary-coverts, primaries and secondaries brownish 

 black, tips of the coverts and secondaries white ; rump black, with 

 purple and green gloss; upper tail coverts and tail-feathers dark 

 brown with butt borders ; chin whitish ; fore neck and upper 

 breast brown mixed with white and with dark streaks ; lower 

 breast and abdomen white ; under tail-coverts white, with brownish 

 shaft-stripes. 



Bill blackish brown at tip, darkish brown on nostrils and along 

 commissure, the rest paler ; irides deep brown ; legs pale greenish 

 (Hume). Tail of 12 soft, pointed feathers. 



Length 8-5 ; tail 2 ; wing 4-25 ; tarsus -95 ; bill from gape 



I'd. 



Distribution. This bird breeds in the North of Europe and Asia, 



