Ball, S. F. vii, p. 233 ; 



334 PELECAXID.E. 



pp. 128, 288, pt.; Adam, ibid. p. 403; 

 Hume, S. F. x, p. 502 ; Doig, ibid. p. 510. 



The European Pelican, Crested Pelican, and Lesser White Pelican, 

 Jerdon. 



Coloration. Adults are white, deeply suffused with rosy pink 

 when in full breeding-plumage ; all primaries and primary-coverts 

 black ; secondaries black, with white outer borders that become 

 broader on the inner feathers, some of which and some scapulars 

 generally have a narrow outer blackish edge ; a patch of elongate 

 feathers on top of breast yellow or chreous. 



Young birds have the scapulars, the wing-feathers, quills and 

 coverts above and below, and the tail-feathers brown ; primaries 

 black ; head, neck, and lower parts more or less mixed or tinged 

 with dull ferruginous red. 



There is no true crest in the male ; the feathers, in a line or inane 

 along the back of the neck, are slightly lengthened, and it is only 

 in old females that a crest about 4 inches long occurs. Tail- 

 feathers 22. 



In adults the upper mandible is blue, slightly mottled with 

 white on the median rib, red at the sides, nail coral-red ; basal half 

 of lower mandible blue, red at the margins, terminal half yellow ; 

 pouch gamboge-yellow ; face yellow ; iris lake-red ; tarsus and toes 

 pink, webs yellow. In young birds the bill is blue faintly margined 

 with black, nail pale chestnut, pouch ochre-yellow, face violet, iris 

 orange, legs yellowish white, the front of the tarsus and toes 

 blackish (Gates). 



Length of male about 62 ; tail 8 ; wing 27 ; tarsus 5 ; bill from 

 gape 14 to 16. Females are smaller : length 54 ; tail 7 ; wing 24 ; 

 tarsus 4-5; bill 10 to 12. 



Distribution. Eastern Asia and the Malay Archipelago. A 

 winter visitor to Burma and to many parts of India, where, how- 

 ever, it passes gradually into the next species. 



1521. Pelecanus onocrotalus. The White or Roseate Pelican. 



Pelecanus onocrotalus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 215 (1766) ; Blyth, Cat. 



p. 297 : Salater, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 264, figs. 1, 2 ; Hume, S. F, \, 



pp. 128, 288, pt. ; Butler, S. F. iv, p. 32 ; Hume, Cat. no. 1001 ; 



id. S. F. x, p. 488 ; Barnes, Jour. Bom. N. H. Soc. vi, p. 303 *. 

 Pelecanus niitratus, Licht. Abh. Ak. Berl. 1838, p. 436, pi. iii, fig. 2 ; 



Jerdon, B. I. iii, j). 856, pt. ; Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 179. 

 Pelecanus longirostris, Hume, S. F. v, p. 491 ; id. Cat. no. 1001 bis. 



This only differs from P. roseus in its larger size and longer bill, 

 in having Ihe frontal region much swollen, and in possessing 

 24 rectrices instead of 22. There is also apparently less difference 

 in size and in the length of bill between the sexes. 



Length of male about 72 ; tail 8 ; wing 28 ; tarsus 5'5 ; bill 

 from gape 18. Females are smaller. 



* Some of the?e references probably belong to P. roseus, but as (he two forms 

 pass into each other in India, it is impossible to disentangle the synonymy. 



