414 ANATID^E. 



Cygnus unwini, Hume, Ibis, 1871, p. 413. 



? Cygnus sp., Stoliczka, J. A. S. E. xli, pt. 2, p. 229 ; Hume, S. F. 

 iv, p. 33. 



A -knob at the base of the bill ; the trachea does not enter the 

 keel of the sternum. 



Coloration. Adults pure white throughout. Young birds are 

 brownish grey, becoming whiter with age ; but the brownish tinge 

 is not entirely lost till the bird is about two years old. 



Bill orange-red, except the commissure of both mandibles and a 

 considerable part of the lower near .the base, the nail at the end of 

 the bill, a patch around each nostril, the knob at the base, and the 

 lores, which are black ; irides brown ; legs and feet black. In young 

 birds the bill is lead-coloured, then flesh-coloured. 



Length about 60; tail 9; wing 22; tarsus 3-9; bill from 

 gape 3*8. Females are rather smaller than males. In European 

 (tame ?) birds the wing measures as much as 27 inches. 



Distribution. The greater part of Europe, Northern and Central 

 Asia. The Mute Swan is an occasional visitor to the North- 

 western Punjab, near Peshawar ; it has once been killed in Sind, 

 near Sehwan, where three were shot in February by the late 

 Mr. H. E. Watson out of a flock of five ; and Stoliczka thought he 

 saw some on the Runn of Cutch. Nearly all the Swans recorded 

 have been found in India in January and February ; but on two 

 occasions birds of this species were shot near Peshawar in June 

 and July. 



Habits, fyc. Swans, as a rule, occur in small flocks and haunt 

 marshes, lakes, and rivers ; but they occasionally alight on the sea 

 near the coast. They but rarely come on land, and are seldom 

 seen on the wing. Their flight is heavy and noisy. They feed 

 chiefly on aquatic plants, partly on insects and their larvae, 

 mollusca, &c. They make a large nest close to the water, and lay 

 from 5 to 11 white, or nearly white, eggs, measuring about 4| 

 by 3. 



1578. Cygnus musicus. The Whooper. 



Cygnus musicus, Bechstein, Gem. Naturg. Vog. Deutschl. iii, p. 830, 

 (1809) ; Hume fy Marsh. Game S. iii, p. 47 ; Salvador 

 xxvii, p. 26 ; Baker, Jour. Bom. N. H. Soc. xi, p. 11. 



; G. 



pi. 35 (1809) ; Hume fy Marsh. Game B. iii, p. 47 ; Salvadori, Cat. 



B. M. xxvii, p. 26 ; Baker, Jour. Bom. N. H. Soc. xi, p. 11. 

 Cygnus ferus, Briss. Orn. vi, p. 292, pi. xxviii (1760) ; G. R. Gray, 



"Cat. Mamm. etv. Coll. Hodcjs. 1846, p. 144 ; Brooks, P. A. S. B. 



1872, p. 63. 

 Cygnus bewicki, apud Hume, S. F. vii, p. 464 ; id. Cat. no. 944 



quint. ; Hume fy Marsh. Game B. iii, p. 51, pi. 



No knob on bill ; the trachea enters the keel of the sternum, 

 which is hollow. 



Coloration of adults white, of young birds greyish brown, as in 

 C. olor. 



Bill black, the lores and a space in front of them on each 

 side, extending forward beneath the nostril, yellow, as is the 



