480 



but they rise slowly and heavily. The call-note of this bird is a 

 low harsh sound like "Icurr" In India, away from the sea-coast, 

 this is one of the best ducks for the table, nearly, if not quite, 

 equal to Pintail. It has not been detected breeding within the 

 Empire. Its breeding habits in northern lands much resemble 

 those of N. ferruyinea. 



1606. Nyroca ferruginea. The White-eyed Duck. 



Anasnyroca, Gilldenst. Nov. Com. Petrop. xiv, pt. 1, p. 403 (1770). 

 Anas africana & A. ferruginea, Qm. Syst. Nat. i, 2, pp. 522, 528 



(1788). 



Anas leucophthalmus, Borkhausen, Deutsche Fauna, i, p. 564 (1798). 

 Aythya nyroca, Boie, Isis, 1822, p. 564 ; Jerdon, B. I. iii, p. 813 - T 



Hume fy Renders. Lah. to Yark. p. 297 ; Hume, N. fy E. p. 645 ; 



Lloyd, Ibis, 1873, p. 420 ; Hume, 8. F. i, p. 265 ; Adam, ibid. 



p. 402 ; Butler, S. F. iv, p. 30 ; v, p. 234 j Davids. # Wend. S. F. 



vii, p. 93 ; Ball, ibid. p. 232. 

 Fuligula nyroca, Steph. in Shaw's Gen. Zool. xii, pt. 2, p. 201, pi. 55- 



(1824) ; Bluth, Cat. p. 307 ; Adams, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 510; Blyth, 



Birds Burm. p. 166; Hume, S. F. vii, p. 493; id. Cat. no. 969; 



Scully, S. F. viii, p. 363 ; Hume $ Marsh. Game B. iii, p. 263, pi. & 



pi. iv (egg) ; Biddulph, Ibis, 1881, p. 100 ; Scully, ibid. p. 593 ; Vidal r 



S. F. ix, p. 93 ; Hume, ibid. p. 259 ; Butler, ibid. p. 439 ; Eeid, 



S. F. x, p. 84; Davidson, ibid. p. 326 ; Taylor, ibid. pp. 528, 531 ; 



Oates, B. B. ii, p. 287 ; id. in Hume's N. fy 77. 2nd ed. iii, p. 292 ; 



Barnes, Birds Bom. p. 413 ; Hume, S. F. xi, p. 347. 

 Nyroca ferruginea, Sharpe fy Dresser, B. Eur. vi, p. 581, pi. 438 ; 



Swinh. $ Barnes, Ibis, 1885, p. 138; St. John, Ibis, 1889, p. 180; 



Sharpe, Yark. Miss., Axes, p. 132. 

 Nyroca africana, Salvadori, Cat. B. M. xxvii, p. 345. 



Karchiya, Burar-mada, H. ; Ldl-bigri, Bhuti-hdns, Beng. ; Burnu r 

 Sind ; Malac, Nepal Terai. 



Coloration. Male. Head, neck and breast, and sides of breast 

 dull chestnut, a white spot on chin, and a blackish-brown collar 

 round lo\ver neck, joining the upper back ; upper plumage 

 generally blackish brown ; back and scapulars minutely speckled 

 with rufous- brown ; tail dark brown ; outer primaries dark brown,, 

 with an increasing amount of white on the basal portion of the 

 inner web: inner primaries and secondaries white, each with a 

 broad brown tip ; tertiaries blackish brown, slightly glossed with 

 green; wing-coverts on edge of wing white; other wing-coverts 

 dark brown ; abdomen white ; sides of body reddish brown ; 

 lower flanks blackish ; lower abdomen more or less brown ; under 

 tail-coverts white. 



Female similar but much duller, the head and neck reddish 

 brown ; upper plumage brown ; the reddish brown on the breast 

 is mixed with white, and passes into the sullied white area of the 

 belly instead of, as in the male, ending abruptly against it. 



Young birds have the head and neck ochreous brown, darker 

 above ; otherwise like the female, but paler. 



Bill bluish black ; irides white ; legs and feet plumbeous or 

 dusky grey ; claws and webs dusky to black. 



