XTROCA. 463 



temperate zone, breeding in Europe, Asia, and America as far 

 north as lafc. 70, and visiting in winter the shores of Western 

 Europe, the British Islands, the Mediterranean sparingly, the 

 Black Sea, Caspian, China, and Japan, and corresponding latitudes 

 in North America. 



Habits, $c. The Scaup, Scaup-Duck, or Scaup-Pochard derives its 

 name from feeding on mussels (Mussel-scaups or Mussel-scalps are 

 the beds on which mussels are aggregated, see Newton, Diet. Birds, 

 p. 815). In Europe it is chiefly a salt-water bird, seldom found 

 inland except at the breeding-season. 



1609. Nyroca fuligula. The Tufted Dude. 



Anas fuligula, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 207 (1766). 



Anas cristata, Leach, Syst. Cat. p. 39 (1816), nee Gmelin. 



Nyroca fuligula, Flem. Phil, Zoil. ii, p. 260 (1822). 



Fuligula cristata, Steph. in Shaw's Gen. Zool. xii, pt. 2, p. 190 (1824) ; 



Blyth, Cat. p. 306 ; Jerdon, B. I. iii, p. 815 ; AfcM aster, J. A. S. B. 



xl, pt. 2, p. 215 ; Godtv.-Aust. J. A. S. B. xliii, pt. 2, p. 176; Butler,. 



S. F. iv, p. 31 ; v, p. 234 ; Ball, S. F. vii, p. 232 ; Hume, ibid. 



p. 496 ; id. Cat. no. 971 ; Hume $ Marsh. Game B. iii, p. 277 ; 



Vidal, S. F. ix, p. 93; Butler, ibid. p. 439; Scully, Ibis, 1883, 



p. 593 ; Reid, S. F. x, p. 85 ; Davidson, ibid. p. 326 ; Barnes, Birds 



Bom. p. 414 ; Hume, S. F. xi, p. 347. 

 Fulix cristata, Stoliczka, J. A. S. B. xli, pt. 2, p. 256 ; Hume, S. F. 



i, p. 265 ; Davids, fy Wend. S. F. vii, p. 93. 

 Fuligula fuligula, Salvadori, Cat. B. M. xxvii, p. 363. 



Dubaru, Ablak, Rahwdra, H. ; Turdndo, Sind ; Mdlac, Nepal Terai ;. 

 Nella chilluwa, Tel. 



Fig. 121. Head of N. fuligula. 



Coloration. Male. Head, neck, breast, upper parts, wings, and 

 tail black, sides of head and of upper neck glossed with green ; 

 occiiput and long pendent occipital crest glossed with purple ; back 

 and scapulars finely speckled with whitish ; primaries greyish 

 brown, dark brown on outer borders and tips, secondaries white with 

 black tips, tertiaries glossed with green ; abdomen and sides of 

 body white ; under tail-coverts black. 



In the female the head, neck, and upper parts are brown as is 

 the upper breast, but this colour passes gradually into the white 

 or pale ashy brown of the abdomen ; flanks brown ; crest present 

 but smaller than in the male. 



Young birds resemble females but are paler. Males after the 



