464 



summer moult are brown instead of black, and have the back and 

 lower neck indistinctly powdered widh greyish white. 



Bill, legs, and feet from dull leaden to light greyish blue ; tip of 

 bill black ; irides golden yellow (Hume). 



Length 17 ; tail 2-2 ; wing 8 ; tarsus 1-4 ; bill from gape 1*9. 

 Females slightly smaller. 



Distribution. Throughout the Palsearctic region, breeding far 

 North and migrating South in winter, when this duck is found in 

 North Africa as far south as Shoa, and in India. It perhaps breeds 

 in Lake Ashangi on the highland^ of Abyssinia, but it has not 

 hitherto been observed so doing in the Himalayas, where it is not 

 common. It has not been recorded from Pegu, Tenasserim, Ceylon, 

 or the southern portion of India, the most southern locality known 

 being the northern part of the Coimbatore district, but it is common 

 in the Deccan, Central Provinces, and Chutia Nagpur"; Hume found 

 it in great abundance in Manipur, and it has recently been met 

 with near Mandalay in the Irrawaddy valley. Throughout the 

 Indo-Gangetic plain it occurs, but in no great abundance. 



Habits, fyc. The Tufted Duck arrives in India in October or 

 November and leaves generally about March, but some birds 

 remain longer, and Jerdon relates having shot one at Hyderabad 

 (Deccan) in June. Birds of this species in India are generally 

 found in small scattered parties or singly, occasionally in large 

 flocks, on open sheets of water in the middle of tanks or jheels. 

 They dive very well and both swim and fly rapidly. Their food 

 appears to be largely animal, though of course they feed partly on 

 vegetables, and they afford as a rule indifferent food. They are 

 not known to breed within Indian limits. 



Genus CLANGULA, Leach, 1816. 



Bill short, higher than broad at the base, not much flattened at 

 the tip, tapering slightly throughout, more rapidly and rounded at 

 the end ; culmen nearly straight ; nostrils rather nearer to the 

 tip of the bill than to the base ; lamellae short, stout, not close 

 together. "Wings pointed ; tail rather long, much rounded, of 16 

 stiff feathers ; legs short, placed far aft ; tarsus scutellate in front, 

 hind-toe broadly lobed. The posterior end of the sternum is 

 prolonged as in Merganser. 



This genus of Diving Ducks contains three species, all of 

 northern range, and all, as a rule, keeping to the sea, except in the 

 breeding-season. One species has occasionally been obtained in 

 Northern India. 



1610. Clangula glaucion. The Golden-eye. 



Anas clangula & A. glaucion, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 201 (1766). 

 Clansula glaucion, myth, Cat. p. 307 ; id. Ibis, 1867, p. 176; Hume, 



&>. iv, p. 225; vii, pp. 441, 464,505; id. Cat. no. 971 bis ; 



Hume $ Marsh. Game B. iii, p. 285, pi. : Reid, S. F. x, p. 85 ; 



Stoker, ibid. p. 424 ; Barnes, Birds Bom. p. 415 ; Scully, J.A.S. B. 



Ivi, pt. 2, p. 89. 



