BIRDS OF INDIANA. 551 



y 2 . Tarsus not greatly elongate; tibia mostly entirely feathered. Not 

 Waders. 



1 1 . Bill strongly hooked, with distinct cere at base. 



m 1 . Toes three in front, one behind. The outer toe 



sometimes reversible. RAPTORES. J 



m 2 . Toes two in front, two behind. PSITTACI. K 



1 2 . Bill not both strongly hooked and cered. 



n l . Hind toe short, decidedly elevated ; "toes slightly 



connected at base by web;" no soft membrane 



about nostrils. GALLIN^E. H 



n 2 . Hind toe little, if at all, above the level of the 



rest (rarely absent). 



o 1 . Nostrils opening beneath a soft, swollen cere; 

 hind claw short. COLUMB^E. I 



o 2 . Nostrils not opening beneath a soft, swollen cere. 

 p 1 . Wings very long, with ten quills; tail of ten 

 feathers; gape very wide and deeply cleft, 

 or else the bill long and slender ; (tongue ex- 

 tensile); secondaries only six in number. 



MACROCHIRES. N 



p 2 . Wing not very long ; gape not very wide nor 

 deeply cleft ; or else wing with only nine 

 quills and tail with twelve feathers. 

 7 l . Toes only two in front; or, if three, the 

 middle and outer toes connected for at least 

 half their length. 



r 1 . Tail feathers stiff and pointed; bill more 

 or less chisel-like. PICI. M 



r 2 . Tail feathers neither stiff nor pointed; 

 bill not chisel-like. COCCYGES. L 



<f~. Toes three in front, one behind, the middle 

 and outer toes not united for half their 

 length ; lower part of thighs feathered and 

 the tarsus equal to or longer than the lat- 

 eral toes. PASSERES. O 



FAMILIES. 

 A. ORDER PYGOPODES. 



DIVING BIRDS. 



a 1 . Feet lobate. PODICIPIJX*:. GREBES. I 



a 2 . Feet webbed. 



b l . With four toes. I'KINATORIDJE. LOONS. II 



b 2 . With three toes. ALCID.E. AUKS, ETC. Ill 



