BIRDS OF INDIANA. 555 



6 2 . Bill not hooked at tip, HO bristles at base; developed primaries nine; hind 

 toe with long, nearly straight claw. ALAUDHXE LARKS. XXXVII 

 a a . Tarsus with its hinder edge compressed. 



c 1 . Primaries apparently only nine; bill not hooked at tip. 



d l . Bill very short, flat, broad at base, deeply cleft; wings very long. 



HIRUNDINID^E. SWALLOWS. XLII 

 d-. Bill not very flat and deeply cleft ; outer primary never twice as long as 



the innermost. 



e l . Bill more or less conical, broad at base. 



f 1 . Bill rather long, often longer than head, without notch at tip or 

 bristles at base. 



ICTERID^. ORIOLES, BLACKBIRDS, ETC. XXXIX 



f 2 . Bill shorter than head, often notched at tip, usually with bristles at 



base. FRINGILLID.*; FINCHES, SPARROWS, ETC. XL 



f 3 . Bill stout, upper mandible curved with slight tooth near the middle 



of the cutting edge; color chiefly red and yellow. 



TANAGRIDJE. TANAGERS. XLI 

 e 2 . Bill not conoid. 



g l . Hind claw long and nearly straight, generally longer than its toe; 

 tertials much elongated, reaching nearly to tips of primaries. 



MOTACILLID-*;. WAGTAILS AND PIPITS. XLVII 

 g 2 . Hind claw short and curved, generally shorter than its claw; 

 tertials short, not nearly reaching to the tip of primaries. 



MNIOTILTID^E. WOOD WARBLERS. XLVI 



c 2 . Primaries evidently ten, the first developed but short, rarely half the 

 length of the next; or else bill hooked at tip. 



A 1 . Front of tarsus covered with transverse four-sided scales. 

 i l . Bill strongly hooked and notched at tip. 



LANIID^E. SHRIKES. XLIY. 

 i 2 . Bill not strongly hogked or not hooked at all. 



j l . Head with conspicuous crest; tail, in our species, tipped 

 with yellow; bill slightly hooked and notched at tip. 



AMPELID^:. WAXWINGS. XLIII 



; 2 . Head usually not crested ; tail not tipped with yellow. 

 A; 1 . Back generally olive green; bill slightly hooked and 

 notched at tip ; length five to seven inches. 



VlREONIDJE. VlREOS. XLV 



,k*. Back not generally olive green. 



1 1 . Tail feathers stiff, pointed; bill slender, curved down- 

 ward. CERTHIID^:. CREEPERS. XLIX 



1 2 . Tail feathers more or less soft, not pointed. 



m 1 . Nasal feathers directed forward on bill, usually cov- 

 ering the nostrils. 

 n l . Birds of large size, length over ten inches. 



CORVID^E. CROWS, JAYS, ETC. XXXVIII 

 <ra 2 . Birds of small size; length under ten inches (ex- 

 cept genus Harporhynchus}. 



1 . Bill notched toward the tip, very slender. 

 SYLVIIDJE, KINGLETS AND GNATCATCHERS. LI 



2 . Bill not notched. 



PARID.E. NUTHATCHES AND TITMICE. L 



