BIKDS OF INDIANA. 829 



>'-. Upper mandible with one middle ridge; grooves from nostril running 

 to about the middle of cutting edge of upper mandible; plumage with 

 more or less yellow below. SPHYRAPICUS. 94 



d*. Outer hind-toe not longer than outer front-toe. 



f l . Plumage of lower parts spotted with black ; under surface of quills 

 and tail feathers yellow or reddish ; upper mandible without distinct 

 lateral ridge or nasal groove. COLAPTES. 97 



/-. Plumage of lower parts without spots; under surface of quills and 

 tail feathers without yellow or red ; upper mandible with a distinct 

 lateral ridge and nasal groove. MELANEKPES. 96 



92. GENUS CAMPEPHILUS GRAY. 



159. (392). Campephilus principalis (LINN.). 



Ivory-billed Woodpecker. 



Adult Male. Bill, ivory-white. Most of plumage, glossy black; a 

 conspicuous scarlet crest; white feathers covering nostrils; a white 

 stripe beginning under each eye, and extending down the sides of 

 neck, and meeting on the back; secondaries and end of shorter pri- 

 maries, white. Adult Female. Similar, but with black crest. 



Length, 19.75-21.60; wing, 9.00-10.00; tail, 6.25-6.80. 



RANG in. Formerly South Atlantic and Gulf States, from North 

 Carolina to Texas, north in the Mississippi Valley to Missouri, south- 

 ern Illinois, and southern Indiana. Now restricted to the Gulf States 

 ami the lower Mississippi Valley, where only locally distributed (A. 

 0. F. Check List). 



Nest, an excavation in a dead tree. Eggs, 3-5; glossy white; 1.37 

 by .99. (Bendire.) 



Formerly resident, locally, in the southern part of Indiana; now 

 extinct within our limits. It, like the Carolina Paroquet, has grad- 

 ually retired from the Ohio Valley, and all the land formerly occupied 

 by it, till now it is only found in certain localities in the Gulf States 

 and the lower Mississippi Valley, being, perhaps, most numerous in 

 Florida. It frequents the heavily wooded lowlands and cypress 

 swamps, excavating its nests in the large dead top limbs of the largest 

 trees. Dr. R. Raymond, in 1869, mentioned it as a former resident 

 of Franklin County, where, he afterwards told me, it frequented the 

 swampy woods and vicinity of the beaver ponds, in what is now Bath 

 and Springfield Townships. From the late Mr. Louis Bollman, Prof. 

 Evermann learned that it was formerly found in Monroe County. 

 Mr. liobert Ridgway recalled having seen it in White County, 111., 

 which adjoins Posey County, Ind. Audubon mentions it nesting at 

 Henderson, TCy., and speaks of it occurring in Indiana. Undoubtedly, 

 too, Wilson, gained his knowledge from his trip down the Ohio River, 



