BIRDS OF INDIANA. 837 



ally some winter, some occasionally remain even north of the 

 center of the State. It has been noted at Brookville almost every 

 winter for the past seventeen years. Prof. Evermann reported it from 

 Carroll Connty December 15, 1884, and January 11, 1885, and Mrs. 

 Hine observed it at Sedan, Dekalb County, January 25, 1894. They 

 begin to become more abundant when sugar-making begins; generally 

 in February and through March are common, some years abundant. 

 Sometimes they leave early in April, April 2, 1893; April 6, 1895. 

 Other years they remain until the last of that month; April 30, 1887. 

 Mr. E. E. Quick saw one in June, 1891. The first migrants arrive at 

 the northern boundary about April 1. Chicago, TIL, April 1, 1885; 

 April 3, 1886; Sedan, March 31, 1896; Laporte, March 30, 1896. I 

 saw them mating at Brookville April 5, 1897, at which date they were 

 common. 



It has been found breeding in the following counties: Carroll (Ever- 

 mann), Laporte (Coburn); Starke, English Lake, "abundant breed- 

 ing," June 3, 1888 (Deane); Dekalb, 1888, 1890 (Mrs. Hine), 1889 

 (H. W. McBride); Porter, 1895, 1896 (Parker). Mrs. Hine first ob- 

 served the Sapsucker in summer in 1888. That summer she saw their 

 young oftener than those of any other woodpecker. In the summer of 

 1890 she saw old birds feeding their young. Mr. H. W. McBride took 

 three eggs from a nest, near Waterloo, May 13, 1889. Mr. J. G. Par- 

 ker, Jr., collected one young, saw them at Kouts in 1895. He found 

 it breeding at the same place May 28, 1896. The nests do not differ 

 from those of other woodpeckers. They have been found from eight 

 to fifty feet high. Eggs may be looked for in May. An- egg is laid 

 daily until the set is complete. Both parents take part in incuba- 

 tion. The young are fed almost wholly upon insects. At that time 

 the old birds develop an expertness at fly-catching that is very notice- 

 able. Aside from their damage to orchards and lawn trees, they are 

 very beneficial birds. 



95. GENUS CEOPHLCEUS CABANIS. 



*163. (405). Ceophloeus pileatus (LINN.). 



Pileated Woodpecker. 

 Synonyms, BLACK WOODCOCK, LOGCOCK, BIG BLACK WOODPECKER. 



Adult Male. Brownish-black; top 'of head, conspicuous crest and 

 stripe from base of lower mandible, bright red; white stripe from the 

 eye, and one from the nostril, backwards and along the side of* the 

 neck, white and yellowish; throat, white; bases of wing feathers, white; 



