INDEX TO PAPERS RELATING TO FOOD OF BIRDS. 9 



follows the detailed consideration of the food habits of the species, giving in- 

 formation gleaned from correspondence, published sources, and stomach ex- 

 amination. The results of examinations of 37 species are tabulated. The 

 name " short-winged hawk," given on page 11, is a slip of the pen and should 

 be omitted. The same error occurs in Circular 61, p. 3, 1907; Yearbook 1894, 

 p. 217 ; 1895, p. 590 ; 1896, p. 628. 



BULLETIN 4. The prairie ground squirrels or spermophiles of the 

 Mississippi Valley. By Vernon Bailey. 69 pp. 3 colored pis. 

 4 colored maps. 1893. 



The natural enemies of spermophiles, including nine hawks and six owls, are 

 discussed in pages 15-18. 



BULLETIN 5. The pocket gophers of the United States. By Vernon 

 Bailey. 47 pp. 6 figs. 1 colored map. 1895. 



In the treatment of natural enemies, pp. 20-22, two species of hawks and 

 three of owls are mentioned. 



BULLETIN 6. The common crow of the United States. 98 pp. 1 pi. 



2 figs. 1895. 



General habits of the crow. Animal food of the crow. Insect 

 food of the crow. By W. B. Barrows [pp. 9-57 and 68-71, figs. 

 1-2] . Report on the insect food of the crow. By E. A. Schwarz 

 [pp. 57-67]. Vegetable food of the crow. Protection of crops. 

 By W. B. Barrows [pp. 72-94]. 



Bulletin 6 treats first of the general habits of the crow, including its migra- 

 tions and the formation of roosts. Next the animal food is discussed, the 

 principal topics being the relations of the crow to rabbits, mice, ground 

 squirrels, gophers, bats, moles, shrews, sheep, swine, eggs and young of poultry 

 and wild birds, and to tortoises, snakes, lizards, frogs, toads, salamanders, 

 fish, Crustacea, and mollusks. The insect food is dealt with in a separate 

 chapter, of which the report by E. A. Schwarz occupies 11 pages. In the 

 chapter on vegetable food this omnivorous bird's corn-pulling habits receive 

 full consideration, as do also its relations to other grains and cultivated fruits. 

 The natural foods most fully treated are mast, weed seeds, wild rice, and 

 wild fruits, particularly sumacs. The bulletin contains casual references to 

 the food of a few other species of birds, and closes with a statement of 

 methods for protecting crops from crows and a discussion of bounty laws and 

 their effects. 



BULLETIN 7. [The food and tongues of woodpeckers.] 44 pp. 5 pis. 

 1895. Preliminary report on the food of woodpeckers. By 

 F. E. L. Beal [pp. 7-33, 1 pi. (frontispiece), figs. 1-4]. The 

 tongues of woodpeckers. Relation of the form of the tongue to 

 the character of the food. By Frederic A. Lucas [pp. 35-44, 

 pis. 1-3]. 



Formal reports on the food habits of 7 species of woodpeckers and brief notes 

 upon 3 others are given by Professor Beal. The introduction is devoted to a 

 general statement of the food and comparison of the various species. Follow- 

 ing this are tables showing the percentage of various elements of the food and 

 the relative proportions of adult and larval Coleoptera found in the stom- 

 51197 Bull. 4313 2 



