28 INDEX TO PAPERS RELATING TO FOOD OF BIRDS. 



Useful birds and harmful birds. [By Biological Survey.] p. 670. 



This is a tabulation of twenty-five species which are decidedly beneficial to 

 agriculture and should be rigidly protected, and of five species which are 

 injurious and unworthy of protection, with a brief statement of principal foods 

 of each. 



1898. 



% 



The danger of introducing noxious animals and birds. By T. S. 

 Palmer, pp. 87-110. PI. VIII. figs. 1-6 (1 map). 



This paper reviews the experience of various foreign countries with the 

 introduction of certain mammals and birds, points out the evil results of the 

 importation of the English sparrow into the United States, and calls attention 

 to the danger of similar results arising in other cases if introductions are not 

 controlled. The economic status of 11 species of birds is more or less fully 

 discussed. 



Birds as weed destroyers. By Sylvester D. Judd, Ph. D. pp. 

 221-232. PI. XV. figs. 59-65. 



This is a resume of the seed-eating habits of all the species known to have 

 any importance as destroyers of weed seeds. Some forty species of birds are 

 mentioned. 



The name "clay-colored longspur," bottom of page 226, is unidentifiable. 



1899. 



A review of economic ornithology in the United States. By T. S. 

 Palmer, pp. 259-292. Pis. VI- VIII (1 map). 



This article traces briefly the development of American ornithology in gen- 

 eral, but it consists largely of a discussion of the -study of birds from the 

 standpoint of dollars and cents. The principal topics relating to bird food are : 

 Investigations as to the value of birds, commencement of investigations along 

 modern lines, a period of notable advance in investigations, and work of the 

 Biological Survey. That section of the paper entitled " Measures for the 

 Destruction, Preservation, and Introduction of Birds " also contains comments 

 on the food habits of several species. 



1900. 



How birds affect the orchard. By F. E. L. Beal, B. S. pp. 291- 



304. figs. 34-38. 



Birds affect orchards directly by stealing fruit, feeding upon buds, flowers, 

 or the inner bark and sap of the trees, and indirectly by destroying mammals 

 and insects injurious to orchards. This article gives brief accounts of the birds 

 most important in these relations. 



The food of nestling birds. By Sylvester D. Judd, Ph. D. pp. 411- 



436. pis. 49-53. figs. 48-56. 



In some cases the food of nestling birds is radically different from that of 

 their parents. When this is the case the difference usually consists in the 

 preponderance of animal food, particularly that of a soft nature, in the diet of 

 the young birds. Dr. Judd describes at varying length the food habits of 

 the nestlings of about 80 species of birds. Incidentally, characteristics of the 

 food of many adults are noted. Dr. Judd introduces in this paper his excel- 



