CONTENTS. 



Page. 



Relation of birds and insects 237 



Losses due to the codling moth 237 



Life history of the codling moth 237 



Destruction of larvae by birds 238 



Efficiency of bird enemies 243 



Foreign bird enemies of the codling moth 244 



Summary 245 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Page. 



PLATE X. Larva and pupae of codling moth 240 



XI. Holes and cracks in trees enlarged by woodpeckers searching for 



codling-moth larvae and pupae 240 



