62 NORTH AMERICAN HERONS AND THEIR ALLIES. 



Eastern Hemisphere it occurs throughout Africa and north to south- 

 ern and central Europe and thence east across Asia to China and 

 Japan. The subspecies naevius occupies nearly the whole of the 

 Western Hemisphere, north to southern Canada and south to 

 Patagonia. 



Breeding range. The black-crowned night heron breeds north to 

 Woodstock, N. B. (Adney) ; Quebec City, Canada (Dionne) ; Ottawa, 

 Ontario (White) ; Toronto, Ontario (Nash) ; Rochester, Mich. 

 (Bretherton) ; Oak Center, Wis. (Hatch) ; Lake Andrew, Minn. 

 (Skoglund) ; Shoal Lake, Manitoba (Gunn) ; Sterling, Colo. (Gary) ; 

 Laramie, Wyo. (Knight) ; Bear Lake, Utah (Bailey) ; Ruby Valley, 

 Nev. (Bailey) ; and Willows, Oreg. (Bailey). Stragglers have been 

 noted north to Halifax, N. S., about November 18, 1888, and July 

 4, 1889 (Austen) ; St. John, N. B., January 5, 1887 (Chamberlain), 

 and April 20, 1888 (Banks) ; Mount Stewart, Prince Edward Island 

 (MacSwain) ; Gaspe, Quebec, July 14, 1881 (Brewster) ; Lake Mis- 

 tassini, Quebec, August 6, 1885 (Macoun) ; near Burks Falls, Ontario, 

 May, 1899 (Fleming) ; 140 miles west of Winnipeg, Manitoba (Tal- 

 bot) ; Portland, Oreg., July 29, 1908 (Jewett) ; and Douglas County, 

 Wash., early June, 1906 (Bowles). 



The breeding range includes Mexico, Central America, the whole of 

 South America south to the Falkland Islands (Wagler) and southern 

 Patagonia (Oustelet), the Greater Antilles, several of the Lesser 

 Antilles Granada (Sharpe), Trinidad (Leotaud), St. Christopher 

 (Cory), St. Vincent (Sharpe), Tobago (Jar dine), and Antigua 

 (Cory) and the Hawaiian Islands (Henshaw). 



Winter range. Throughout the larger part of its extensive breed- 

 ing range, the black-crowned night heron is nonmigratory, but it re- 

 tires for the winter from much of its United States summer home 

 and occurs at that season in Florida, the entire Gulf coast, and north 

 on the Atlantic coast to Pea Island, N. C. (Bishop), and on the 

 Pacific slope to Marysville, Cal. (Belding). A few have been noted 

 in winter in Bermuda (Hurdis) ; at Cambridge, Mass. (Allen) ; 

 Providence, R. I. (Billson) ; Shelter Island, N. Y. (Griffing) ; Tren- 

 ton, N. J. (Abbott) ; Anna, 111. (Butler) ; Barr Lake, Colo. (Smith) ; 

 Provo Lake, Utah (Yarrow and Henshaw) ; and Fallen, Nev. (Mills). 

 The Zoological Park at Washington, D. C., has a large flying cage 

 in which many black-crowned night herons live all the year out- 

 doors. A year or two after this was built, herons appeared on the 

 outside as well as the inside of the cage, and these wild birds have 

 become rather common through the summer and a few remain all 

 winter. 



