190 YEARBOOK OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



(Vitis calif omica ) , silverberry (Elccagnus argentea), buffalo berry (Shepherdia 

 argentea), red osier (Comus stolonifera) , snowberry ( Symphoricarpus race- 

 mosus), and elder (Sambiicus glauca). 



" The humid Pacific Coast division of the Transition zone com- 

 prises the western parts of Washington and Oregon between the 

 coast mountains and the Cascade Range, parts of northern California, 

 and most of the coast region of California from near Cape Mendo- 

 cino southward to the Santa Barbara Mountains. To the south and 

 east it passes into the arid Transition, and in places into the Upper 

 Sonoran." 



The Pacific Coast Transition faunal area produces a wealth of 

 fruit-bearing shrubs, among which the following are suitable for 

 attracting birds: 



Bayberry (Myrica calif ornica) , red flowering currant (Ribes sanguineum), 

 service berry (Amelanchicr florida), evergreen blackberry (Rubus vitifolius), 

 blackcap (Rubus leucodermis) , cherry (Prunus emarginata villosa), buck- 

 thorn (Rhamnus caUfornica and R. purshiana), dogwood (Cornus occidentalis 

 and C. glabrata), manzanita (Arctostaphylos tomentosa, A. glandulosa, and A. 

 canescens), evergreen blueberry (Vaccinium ovatum), snowberry (Symphori- 

 carpus racemosus), and elder (Sambucus glauca). 



" The Upper Austral zone may be divided into two large and im- 

 portant faunal areas an eastern humid or Carolinian area and a 

 western arid or Upper Sonoran area, which pass insensibly into one 

 another in the neighborhood of the one hundredth meridian. * 



" The Carolinian faunal area * * * occupies the larger part 

 of the Middle States, except the mountains, covering southeastern 

 South Dakota, eastern Nebraska, Kansas, and part of Oklahoma: 

 nearly the whole of Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Mary- 

 land, and Delaware; more than half of West Virginia, Kentucky, 

 Tennessee, and New Jersey; and large areas in Alabama, Georgia, 

 the Carolinas, Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, Michigan, and 

 southern Ontario. On the Atlantic coast it reaches from near the 

 mouth of Chesapeake Bay to southern Connecticut and sends nar- 

 row arms up the valleys of the Connecticut and Hudson rivers. A 

 little farther west another slender arm is sent northward, fol- 

 lowing the east shore of Lake Michigan nearly or quite to Grand 

 Traverse Bay. These arms, like nearly all narrow northward pro- 

 longations of southern zones, do not carry the complete faunas and 

 floras of the areas to which they belong, but lack certain species from 

 the start and become more and more dilute to the northward till it is 

 hard to say where they really end. Their northern boundaries, 

 therefore, must be drawn arbitrarily or must be based on the presence 

 or absence of particular species rather than the usual association 

 of species." 6 



Native shrubs and trees useful for attracting birds in the Caro- 

 linian faunal area are: 



Red cedar (Junipcrus virginiana), bayberry (Myrica cerifera and M. caro- 

 Unensis), hackberry (Celtis occidentalis), mulberry (Morus rubra), pokeberry 

 (Phytolacca decandra), sassafras (Sassafras variifolium), spice bush (Benzoin 

 wstivale), black currant (Ribes floridum), Juneberry (Amclanchier canadcnsis), 



a Merriam, C. Hart. Life Zones and Crop Zones of the United States, Bull. 

 10, Biological Survey, p. 27, 1898. 

 6 Ibid., pp. 30-31. 



