192 YEARBOOK OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



tested by the New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station (and dis- 

 tinguished by an asterisk), are recommended: 



Hackberry (Celtis reticulata* and C. pallida), barberry (Berberis hwmato-. 

 carpa* and B. trifoliata), golden currant (Ribes aureum*), cherry (Prunus 

 copallina*), sumach (Rhus mexicana and R. microphylla), bluewood (Condalia 

 obovata, C. obtusifolia, and C. spathulata), lote bush (Zizyphus obtusifolius) , 

 grape (Vitis arizonica), Virginia creeper (Psederu quinquefolia*), nockaway 

 (Ehretia elliptica), elders (Sambucus mexicana* and 8. glauca), Lycium ber- 

 landieri and andersoni, and some of the pad cactuses, notably Opuntia engel- 

 manni and lindheimeri. 



; ' The Austroriparian area occupies the greater part of the South 

 Atlantic and Gulf States. Beginning near the mouth of Chesapeake 

 Bay it covers half or more than half of Virginia, North and South 

 Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, the whole of Mississippi and 

 Louisiana, eastern Texas, nearly all of Indian Territory, more than 

 half of Arkansas, and parts of Oklahoma, southeastern Kansas, 

 southern Missouri, southern Illinois, the extreme southwestern corner 

 of Indiana, and the bottom lands of western Kentucky and Ten- 

 nessee." a 



" The Gulf strip, or southern part of the Austroriparian area, 

 reaches from Texas to southern Florida, covers a narrow strip in 

 southern Georgia, and probably follows the coastal lowlands north- 

 ward into South Carolina." 6 



For the purposes of this article the whole Austroriparian faunal 

 area, including the Gulf strip, may be considered together as the 

 humid division of the Lower Austral, all of which lies east of the 

 one hundredth meridian. In this region many cultivated plants 

 thrive that do so nowhere else in the eastern United States, and some 

 of them are valuable for attracting birds. But there are plenty of 

 native fruit-bearing shrubs and trees also, of which the following are 

 recommended : 



Red cedar (Juniperus virginiana), bayberry (Myrica ccrifera), hackberry 

 (Celtis occidentalis and 0. mississippiensis ) , mulberry (Morus rubra), magnolia 

 (Magnolia grandiflora and M. virginiana), sassafras (Sassafras variifolium), 

 spicebush (Benzoin wstivalc), dewberry (Rubus trivialis), black cherry (Prunus 

 serotina), evergreen cherry (Prunus caroliniana), sumach (Rhus copallina and 

 R. glabra), holly (Ilex opaca), buckthorn (Rhamnus caroliniana), Virginia 

 creeper (Psedera quinquefolia), grape (Vitis riilpina and V. wstivalis), pep- 

 per vine (Ampclopsis arborea), hercules club ( Aralia spinosa), dogwood (Cor- 

 nus asperifolia and (7. florida), sour gum (Nyssa sylvatica), huckleberry (Gay- 

 lussacia dumosa), farkleberry (Vaccinium arboreum), blueberry (Vaccinium 

 corymbosum) , viburnum (Viburnum rufotomentosum and V. nudum), and 

 elder (Sambucus canadensis). 



Besides native shrubs and trees, a number of cultivated species 

 have proved so attractive to birds that they are as important as any 

 of the indigenous fruits. An excellent example is the pepper tree 

 (Schinus molle), which flourishes in southern California, and which 

 will probably thrive in many other parts of the Lower Sonoran 

 faunal area. Others suited to the same climate are the china berry 



Merriam, C. Hart. Life Zones and Crop Zones of the United States, Bull. 

 10, Biological Survey, p. 45, 1898. . 

 6 Ibid., p. 49. 



