DERIVATION OF THE FLORA AND FAUNA 285 



The synopsis pp. 226 — 233 led to a classification according to the actual geo- 

 graphic distribution. We have to look for austral-antarctic species and genera 

 in the Andine-Chilean, Subantarctic-Magellanian and Pacific groups; thereby I 

 have tried to follow the same principles as applied before. Many of the endemic 

 species are difficult to place because their author did not compare them with other 

 species or discuss their position; 1 1, belonging to large and widespread genera were 

 left out (see list p. 235). The 8 species of Tham7imm, all endemic, were tentatively 

 included in group IV. In Natiirl. Pflanzenfam. 2d ed. Brotherus enumerates 34 

 species, but none at all are quoted for S. America. Sect. I is entirely austral, 

 with a single species in tropical Asia (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines); 2 are 

 found in Australia and New Zealand, i in New Caledonia and 8 in Juan Fernandez. 

 Of sect. II, 3 species are southern (New Hebrides, E. Australia-New Zealand, New 

 Zealand-Java-Sumatra), the remainder scattered over the boreal zone, 3 N. 

 America, 3 mediterr.-macaronesian, i England, i W. Europe to Japan, 2 Cauca- 

 sus, 9 E. Asia. 



The total number of species included in the following synopsis is 120. 



I. Antarcto-tertiary element. — 67 sp. (55.8 %). 



1. Bicentric or tricentric (t) distribution: Ditrichum affine, Amphidium cyathi- 

 carpum, Dicranoloma Billardieri (t) and Menziesii, Campylopus introflexus (t), 

 Thysanomitrium leptodus, Fissidens rigidulus and asplenioides (t), Rhacomitrium 

 symphyodontum (t), Zygodon intermedins and Menziesii, Rhizogonium Novae Hollan- 

 diae and mnioides, Bartramia patens (t), Philonotis scabrifolia (t), Rhacocarpus Hum- 

 boldtii (t), Weymouthia mollis, Leptodon Smithii (t), Pterygophyllum obscurum 

 and denticulatum, Lopidium concinnum, Rhynchostegium tenuifolium, Polytricha- 

 delphus magellanicus, Dendroligotrichum dendroides. — 24 sp. 



2. Endemic or also found in Chile and restricted to the S. American sector, 

 in either case with Australian-Neozelandic relations, with the exception of Eusti- 

 chia. — 30 sp. 



a. Endemic species (9): Dicranoloma fernandezianum, capillifolioides and nigri- 

 caule, Ptychomnium falcatulum, Distichophyllum fernandezianum, Pterygophyllum 

 tenuinerve, Eriopus leptoloma and grandiretis, Thuidium Masafuerae. 



b. Also in Chile (21): Ditrichum longisetum, Dicranoloma capillifolium, Eu- 

 camptodon perichaetialis, Rhacomitrium subnigritum and striatipilum, Macromitrium 

 hymenostomum, Leptostomum Menziesii, Eustichia Poeppigii (other species in 

 America and Africa), Dendrocryphaea cuspidata, Lepyrodon parvulus, tomentosus 

 and implexus, Ptychomnium subaciculare and ptychocarpum, Pterygophyllum ano- 

 malum, Hypopterygium Thouini, Thuidium Valdiviae, Sciaromium pachyloma, 

 Catagoniopsis berteroana, Hypnodendron microstictum, Psilopilum antarcticum. 



3. Endemic species of presumably Australasian and Polynesian affinity, not 

 or more distantly related to American species: Macromitrium fernandezianum and 

 Masafuerae, Cyptodon crassinervis, Thamnium rigidum, latinerve, Caroli, Ingae, 

 crassinervium, proboscideum, assimile and confertum, Distichophyllum subelimba- 

 tum and assimile. — 13 sp. 



