DERIVATION OF THE FLORA AND FAUNA 287 



The bi- or tricentric species found in Juan Fernandez represent a minor frac- 

 tion only of the mosses common to S. America and New Zealand. Sainsbury's 

 new Flora (210) contains nearly 60 species with this type of distribution, and to 

 these some occurring in Australia and Tasmania, but not in New Zealand, may 

 be added. Ditrichum affine, Trichosiomum brachydontium, Rhacomiirium symphyo- 

 dontum, Bartramia patens, and Pterygophyllum denticulatum, listed for New Zealand 

 by Brotherus (j4), are not recorded by Sainsbury. 



Consequently, what Miss FULFORD (see below p. 289) says about the Hepati- 

 cae is true also of the mosses. 



IV. Hepaticae. 



In an interesting paper on the distribution of the Hepaticae UOMlN (yd) lays 

 stress upon that they are just as specialized geographically as the flowering 

 plants, and 



einen uralten, heiitzutage in den gemassigten iind kalteren Gebieten sozusagen erstarr- 

 ten, sich von ihren ganz speziellen Standorten nicht weiter ausbreitenden, wenig an- 

 passungsfahigen Typus darstellen, welcher auf der nordlichen Hemisphare seinen Ent- 

 wickelungsgang in weit zuriickliegenden Epochen durchgemacht iind bereits zur Tertiar- 

 zeit in den Hauptziigen beendet hat (p. 3). 



He thinks that the evolution still continues in the tropics. Numerous genera are 

 widespread, but the majority of genera and species inhabit the tropical and south 

 temperate rain forests in America, Africa (perhaps not so rich.?), Malaysia, Austral- 

 asia and Oceania. Austral-antarctic genera mentioned by DOMIN are Schistochila, 

 Balantiopsis, Adelanthus (hardly austral), Lophocolea, Chiloscyphus, Trichocolea, and 

 many genera with their greatest wealth of species in the tropics are well repre- 

 sented in the temperate and cool south, such as Riccardia, Symphyogyjia, Pla- 

 giochila, Madotheca, Lepidozia, Radula, Frullania, while few, in cases very few, 

 species are found in the boreal zone. From Herzog's handbook the following 

 genera may also be quoted as tropical-austral, or essentially or exclusively south- 

 ern: HymenophytuDi, Acrobolbus, Tylunanthus, Jainesoniella, Saccogyna, Lepicolea 

 and Marsupidiuni, to mention only genera also found in Juan Fernandez. Lepi- 

 dolaeiia is restricted to the south temperate and cold zones. In the following ar- 

 rangement I have been guided by these authors. 



I. Antarcto-tertiary element. — 84 sp. (67.7 %). 



1. Bicentric or tricentric (t) species: Marchantia berteroana (t) and foliosa, 

 Riccardia insularis, Metzgeria decipiens and violacea(t), Hymenophytum flabellatum, 

 Symphyogyna hymenophyllum, Monoclea Forsteri, Pallavicinia xiphoides, Jame- 

 soniella colorata (t) and grandiflora (t), Acrobolbus excisus, Mylia repens, Lophocolea 

 pallidevirens and muricata (t), Marsupidium piliferum, Bazzania cerina, Lepidozia 

 sejuncta (t) and plumulosa, Lepicolea ochroleuca (t), Lepidolaena magellanica, 

 Schistochila splachnophylla, Frullania magellanica (t). — 23 sp. 



2. Restricted to the American sector, endemic in Juan Fernandez or also 

 found on the mainland, connected with species in the Australia-New Zealand sec- 

 tor. — 61 sp. 



