FAMILY TORTRICID^. 251 



as the eggs are about to ha<ch, it will mostly destroy the eggs ; and if any escape, the use 

 of a syringe with soap and water, will probably finish the work. 



This leafroUer attacks the rose, and several other plants belonging to the different 

 orders : it is not, therefore, particular as to its food ; but it etfectually puts a stop to the 

 expanding blossoms, whenever it makes its habitation in the leaves that surround the bud. 



I have referred tliis insect to the species rosaceana, althougli it does not agree in every 

 respect with the descriptions within my reach. It is variable in its markings and size, in 

 both the larval and perfect states. It does not spin a cocoon, unless one is constituted by 

 the few threads of silk it employs to bind up the rolled leaves with, in which its trans- 

 formation takes place. 



Caepocapsa pomonella. ( Plate xlvii, fig. 4.) 



This insect is a native of Europe : it was brought to this country with the apple, and 

 has become naturalized. The moth is gray, but lustrous like satin, and is delicately streaked 

 and dotted. The posterior border of the forewing is marked with a reddish brown spot, 

 wliich is surrounded by a golden mark in the form of a horseshoe. The hindwings are 

 brownish inclining to yellow, and surrounded by a fringe : they are sparkling and bril- 

 liant. The thorax and abdomen are yellow and brownish gray. 



The moth appears in the evening, having been secreted in a secure place during the 

 day. It may then be seen busy about branches of apple and pear-trees, selecting the fruit 

 for a depository of its eggs : in a few days, if the weather be warm, they are hatched. It 

 requires three or four weeks to come to perfection, when it is reddish or flesh-color, with 

 a brown head and collar. Before it changes to a pupa, it leaves the fruit, and seeks a secure 

 place in the cracks of the bark, where it spins its cocoon. 



According to Kollar and other authorities, two broods are produced in a single season. 

 The first pupa changes to a perfect insect in a short time, and, by the last of August, much 

 fruit will be injured. If the weather and season be favorable, numerous insects of this 

 kind will come to perfection, and thequantity of fruit injured will be in proportion to the 

 number of insects hatched from the eggs of the first brood. 



The means to be adopted for diminishing the numbers of this moth, are mostly of the 

 palliative kind. It is evident that all infected fruit should be immediately gathered and 

 destroyed. The tree should be shaken, that all diseased fruit may fall as soon as possible, 

 and before the larva leaves it to change into the pupa state. The defective fruit may be 

 picked, removed and scalded, and fed to swine. It is obvious that the nearest approach to 

 the extirpation of this injurious insect will happen when cultivators of apples and pears 

 shall unite their efforts in the use of the remedies proposed. 



