76  GEOLOGY OF THE THIRD DISTRICT. 



Coal era, thus giving rise to the wildest calculations, and distorting the whole of the geology 

 of Western New- York. 



No fossils have been observed in this rock, except fucoids ; these are rare, and have only 

 been found near New-Hartford Centre. They are smooth, cylindrical, ramose, many about 

 three-fourths of an inch in diameter, and are vertically arranged in the rock. 



The first place to the east where the conglomerate is seen, is at the new mill below Van- 

 liomsville. The foundation of the mill is in the Frankfort slate, with graptolites, the con- 

 glomerate resting immediately upon it. The mass is about ten feet Uiick ; the lower part 

 contains pyrites. But a few feet of it contains pebbles, the greater part being a white or grey 

 sandstone ; the pebbles are at the lower part, and the whole mass is intermixed with green 

 shale. 



A conglomerate forming a low bluff of about ten or twelve feet, appears in the road from 

 Fort-Plain to Richford springs, a few rods above Lathrop's tavern. It is more colored than 

 in any of its other localities ; still it is the Oneida conglomerate, the well at Lathrop's being 

 in tlie Frankfort slate, unless the masses above the conglomerate at the mill have coalesced, 

 which is possible. 



The conglomerate forms the rock of the high falls at Yawheiur creek, a branch of the 

 Otsquago, to the west of Lathrop's. It is there, and at the creek near Wicks' store in the 

 town of Stark, but two or three feet thick, unless it be connected with sandstone masses 

 above, which are two or three in number, and from four to five feet thick, separated by green 

 shale. 



The conglomerate appears in Fulmer valley, and in Steele's, Dygert's and Myers'- creeks 

 in Herkimer county. These creeks intersect the high ridge at right angles nearly, and 

 expose the conglomerate and other rocks which compose the hill. The conglomerate is more 

 uniform in character in these creeks ; pebbles arc numerous, and the mass is from fifteen to 

 twenty-five feet thick. 



South of Mohawk village, the conglomerate is exposed on the road to Litchfield, forming a 

 terrace upon which the Clinton group rises, and showing a cliff of the grey hand, the terminal 

 mass of the latter group. 



The conglomerate is well exposed in Starch-factory creek, and on the brow of the hill to 

 the west of the creek, where it appears at a considerable elevation, in consequence of its 

 greater projection north. Its thickness is well shown at the falls of the long and deep ravine 

 or gully to the south of the hill, and east and south of Utica : there it appears to present its 

 maximum thickness of about thirty-five feet. There is a little greenish shale in some parts 

 of the mass, which tends to divide the rock into imperfect and very irregular layers. 



Loose blocks appear in the hill to the south of Utica ; the rock is seen in place in several 

 parts, but not much of it is exposed. 



Between Myers' creek and Utica, the conglomerate frequently shows cavities of about an 

 inch in diameter, which appear to be owing to a want of cohesion in the sand which filled 

 the cavities ; or these particles were cemented by a colorless soluble mineral, which, when 



