CLINTON GROUP. 83 



green by Jong exposure . The upper layer consists of a mass of very small pebbles, most of them 

 of white or red-colored quartz, with some elongated small black ones. The top of the layer 

 presents a series of short curves, as if water-worn. This same layer appears on the top of 

 the same sandstone mass near Rodgers' machine factory, and in Stebbins' creek near Chnton. 

 At the two former places it is a foot in thickness ; but it thins out going west, being but two 

 or three inches thick at the east end of Stebbins' creek, and disappears entirely at the west 

 end of the creek. This is the case also with the sandstone under it, which has no existence 

 in the creek. 



The lower surface of the sandstone at the quarries of Blackstone & Davis is covered with 

 fucoids, a number of which are peculiar to the group, particularly the Bilobed fucoid, which I 

 have found in the same group near Bloomsburg in Pennyslvania, and Dr. Locke has disco- 

 vered it in Ohio also. It has not been seen in any other mass or rock. The fucoids are more 

 numerous upon the layers which are thin, than upon those which are thick. They are of 

 great interest, from their number as species and individuals. As yet they have not been in- 

 vestigated. The Bilobed fucoid appears to belong to a genus in which the terminal part shows 

 two lobes, as in this species, or one lobe only ; specimens of the same having been found at 

 Blackstone's quarry, and in Ohio also, showing them to be well defined organic bodies. 



A few rods from Davis' qucurry, by the side of the small brook which flows through it, nu- 

 merous fragments of the sandstone belonging to the lower part of the quarry appear, which 

 abound in the Broad agnostis. There are other fossils with it, all notice of which will be de- 

 ferred for the Report on the fossils of the State. The whole.of these fossils are replaced with 

 hydrate of iron, as though their original material had been p3rrites or carbonate of iron, the 

 sandstone showing in some parts the same color. The sandstone of the quarries is covered 

 with shale of a yellowish green color, and from eight to ten feet thick, in very thin, leaf-like 

 divisions ; which is non-fossiliferous, or else its fossils are so rare as to have eluded observation. 



At a higher level are the quarries of Gaylord & Norton ; they are opposite to each other, 

 and near the top of the hill, to the east by south of the lower quarries. The sandstone is there 

 of about the same thickness ; its color not so dark, and the fucoids not so numerous, but the 

 Bilobed fucoid is of a much larger size, which is also the case with those in the same position 

 on Swift creek, which empties into Sauquoit creek. The Bilobed fucoid is readily known by 

 its division into two parts, and its wrinkled surface. Its outline varies from egg-shaped to 

 straight-sided, and its size from an inch and a half to six inches in length, and from three- 

 fourths to three inches in breadth. 



Between the upper and lower quarries are the iron ore pits. This is the kind noticed by 

 Dr. Beck, under the name of lenticular clay iron ore. It is the fossiliferous iron ore of the 

 Pennsylvania survey. In all its localities it is red or brownish red, very hard when unaltered, 

 invariably oolitic, or in larger sized concretions. There are two beds generally, about twenty 

 feet apart, upon an average about a foot and more in thickness. The oolitic particles are 

 usually more abundant in the lower bed, the larger sized and other forms of concretion more 

 abundant in the upper bed. In the lower bed there is sometimes brownish shale associated 

 with the ore ; also, in two localities, some bluish black grains of oxide of manganese. Fossils 



