CLINTON GROUP. ' 87 



shaly sandstone, the layers being thickest in the lower part ; under which, about two feet of 

 ore similar to the upper mass at Stebbins' creek, etc., and much intermixed with the rock ; 

 below, four feet of sandstone and shale, with fossils quite numerous ; then about twenty feet 

 of shale alternating quite regularly with thin beds of sandstone, and limestone showing iron 

 ore ; under which is the lower bed of ore about two feet thick, oohtic, with fossils, the same 

 as Bennet's, Norton's, &c. 



Near the saw-mill, a little higher up the creek which flows through this deep and broad 

 ravine, the upper bed contains some geodes embracing crystallized limestone, quartz crystals, 

 anhydrite, and also what appears to be a mixture of sulphates of barytes and strontian. 



Near to Westmoreland furnace, the ore is exposed in many places, particularly the lower 

 bed ; and where long exposed, it is of a good quality, the pyrites which it contains being 

 decomposed, and the ore not so hard. 



Through the west part of Kirkland, Westmoreland and Verona, the country being more 

 level than further east, a greater extent of surface of the Clinton group is exposed ; thereby 

 facilitating the observation of a large portion of surface of some of its members, but not the 

 manner in which they are arranged, an examination of the ends or edges being necessary for 

 that purpose. Near Verona the ore lies near the surface, spread over a considerable extent 

 of ground. It is quarried a short distance to the west of the village, for the Taberg Com- 

 pany, on the land of Mr. Eames ; and to the south of that quarry, at Mr. Person's, for the 

 Lenox and Constantia furnaces, and at an intermediate point : the ore is very sohd, and from 

 twelve to fourteen inches in thickness. In excavating a well at Verona, it is said the same 

 ore bed was encountered. The deposit at Eames' is covered with eight to ten feet of allu- 

 vion, consisting of large fragments of sandstone, ore and slate, the products of the group, par- 

 tially rounded, and mixed with earth confusedly deposited. The upper part of the deposit 

 consists of a hard seindstone from three to five inches in thickness, with some carbonate of 

 lime, the surface water-worn ; under this is a bed of hard shale of a bluish green color, with 

 thin layers of calcareous sandstone ; then hard sandstone and shale, below which is the ore, 

 its overlying masses being but a few feet in thickness, and containing an abundance of the 

 Clinton retepora (R. clintonii), the same fossil which exists in the mass in contact with the 

 ore at Wolcott furnace, and in the bluish green calcareous shale at Martville, which correspond 

 with the second or upper bed of that section of the State. There is very little apparent dip in 

 the ore bed and its associates at Verona ; and were it not for the great thickness of the rocks 

 to the south which succeed to them, and the little elevation comparatively, they might be con- 

 sidered horizontal. 



South of Verona towards Oneida Castle, and in other parts, some of the members of the 

 group are exposed, consisting of shale and sandstone, and loose ore belonging to the upper 

 bed. The sandstone is quarried at Tipple's, and on the farm adjoining. It lies in low meadow 

 ground near the surface, and is somewhat altered. The vertical joints are well defined in this 

 stone, appearing in parallelograms, the angles usually acute and obtuse. These forms are 

 very common in the sandstone of the group, being met with in almost all its localities. There 

 are but about four courses of stone which are extracted at Tipple's ; the upper one showing 



