CLINTON GROUP. 89 



particles of iron to come together, without which they would be diffused through the mass ; 

 such being the use of a flux, having no action whatever upon the metal, but upon the stony 

 materials of the ore, which must be melted, to allow the particles of iron to unite. 



Fossil shells are more numerous in the ore at Donnelly's, than in any of its other localities. 

 It contains the Oblong pentamerus, the Allied atrypa. Depressed strophomena, Radiated 

 delthyris (D. radiatis), etc. 



For a short distance north in the swampy ground, the ore may occasionally be perceived 

 adhering to the roots of the trees which have blown over. No rock is seen in place from 

 Donnelly's to the lake shore near Oneida-lake post-office, though rocks are said to exist low in 

 the water at Lewis' point. Back of the post-office, the shore is lined with sandstone and shale, 

 the same kind as at Tipple's quarry. Fossils are somewhat numerous, among which are 

 Depressed strophomena, Chnton strophomena, AUied atrypa, a species of Stenoscisma, 

 Lingula, &c. 



At Joscelin's comers, the ore appears between the road and the lake. It forms a mass of 

 about two feet thick, appearing to be divided into two layers of a foot each. It is exposed 

 along a line nearly horizontal, of several hvmdred feet in length. This ore was taken to Con- 

 stantia furnace, and no very favorable opinion given of it. 



Along the whole line of these ore beds, the country is well settled, and their position is 

 therefore unfavorable for profitable iron works ; for the price of fuel must be much above the 

 minimum value, and therefore the richer ores only can be smelted to advantage. 



Further west, on the lake shore, a thick layer of the calcareous sandstone appears in the 

 bank at Reuben Bushnell's. It is over a foot in thickness, and rises about four feet above the 

 lake. The upper part contains encrinites, and for two inches in thickness, it is encrinal, 

 laminar, and colored red by iron ore. Here was fovmd the tail of the Dolphinhead trimerus, 

 with a few other testaceous fossils. Under this layer there are others, but thin, consisting of 

 shale and calcareous sandstone. The mass divides into regular forms, owing to joints in two 

 directions.'one of which is E.N.E. : elsewhere similar joints were N. 84° E. and N. 45° W. 



From Bushnell's, alluvion covers the group to Fort Brewerton ; there the shale appears along 

 the bank of the outlet, and in the hill at the village. It no doubt forms the rifts in Seneca 

 river, between the outlet and the town of Granby. 



At Bently's quarry, on the road to Hannibalville, it appears on the top of the sandstone, 

 which corresponds with the Oneida conglomerate, showing a series of thin greyish green 

 sandstone and shale, the former containing numerous fucoids and other forms, with the Clinton 

 lingula of the wood-cut, besides some other fossils, the mass exposed being about ten feet thick. 



The group appears again on Little Sodus creek, extending from the village of Martville to 

 the mill about half a mile below. At the village are some alternations of shale and calcareous 

 shale, the latter somewhat solid. The whole is fossihferous, the Clinton retepora (R. clin- 

 tonii) being abundant ; and I found also a specimen of the Niagara delthyris (D. niagarensis). 

 The mass corresponds with the series which encloses the bed of ore near Verona, and also 

 that of Wolcott furnace. 



Geol. 3d Dist. 12 



