r 



WATER-LIME GROUP. 113 



There are few rocks of the Helderberg range, exposed in so many points as the water-lime 

 group ; a few of the most prominent only will be mentioned, in order to show their precise range. 



The next place of interest is on the side-hill of Smith's farm, on the road from Fort-Plain 

 to Richford Springs, where a quarry is opened in the lower part. The layers are of a drab 

 color, and of a darker yellow where altered. It is the only part of the district where the 

 Catenipora, supposed to be the labyrinthica, was found. A columnaria also occurs in the 

 mass, a few specimens of which were two feet in diameter, and other fossils are associated 

 with them. 



Further west, back of the adit where gypsum occurs in the town of Stark, in ascending the 

 hill by the road, the same drab-colored layers with globular columnarias are seen, above which 

 are the usual blackish-blue straight layers of the group, with numerous cytherinas, and also 

 the Plicated orthis. 



In the low hill-side at Mr. Crugar's, the upper part only appears. It contains, in one or 

 two layers, numerous casts of the internal part of the Antique littorina, or a shell which resem- 

 bles it ; and the two usual associates, the Plicated orthis and the Elevated cytherina. 



At Harvey Gitman's in the town of Columbia, it shows drab and blue layers, the former 

 somewhat brownish, and others which alter to a deep browmish yellow. It is quite fossilife- 

 rous ; a greater number of different kinds were found here than in any other part of the group, 

 among which were the Plicated orthis, Rugous avicula, cytherinae, columnariae, strophomenae, 

 an atrypa, and parts of a calymene and an asaphus. 



It is considerably exposed through the town of Litchfield, near Cedarville, and further west. 

 The casts of the Antique? Uttorina again appear in the hill-side on Mr. Brown's farm, between 

 Cedarville and Wetm ore's public house. 



In Oneida county, the first locality of note is the one below the village of Paris-hill, ascend- 

 ing from Sauquoit creek by the road to the north of Swift creek, or Rogers' machine factory. 

 The lower layers are thin, bluish, but become earthy by exposure ; above which, are the usual 

 dark blue ones with cytherinae, etc. which are biurnt for lime. The group makes its appear- 

 ance on the side-hill of the same projecting mass, to the northwest of Eastman quarry, the 

 hill facing Oriskany valley. 



The group forms the high projecting point south of Hamilton College, and is uncovered in 

 many places on the surface of the hill south towards Oriskany falls. Towards the southpart, 

 it is covered by higher masses. At the falls it shows, at the water's edge in the canal, a drab- 

 colored mass ; above which are the blue layers, containing Plicated orthis, cytherinae, tentacu- 

 htes, casts of the Antique littorina. Rugous avicula, an orthocera, and the Peaform? agnostis. 

 At this locahty in particular, and in others to the east, but not much observed to the west, parts 

 of the mass are full of small irregular cavities, rarely exceeding a quarter of an inch in diame- 

 ter ; the rock harsh to the touch, showing evidently that a soluble mineral once occupied the 

 cavities. 



In Oneida valley, on the east side, it has been quarried in several places, and forms also 

 the base of the falls of Oneida creek on the west side. It forms the great mass of the gulph 

 Geoi,. 3d Dist. 15 



