142 GEOLOGY OF THE THIRD DISTRICT. 



quarry, where the rock is exposed for some distance, although the excavations are but super- 

 ficial, the demand for stone being inconsiderable. 



Near Cassville is Town's quarry, from which considerable stone has been taken out. The 

 upper part shows the nodules of flint ; under which, for about twelve or fourteen feet, are the 

 layers which are used. The joints are very straight, and the back of the quarry like a regu- 

 lar wall of the best ordered masonry : the direction of the joints the same as in the other 

 quarries. This is a good locality for the Trivolve cyrtoceras, as it may be called, which is 

 found as well in the homstone as in the lower layers. It is, as before said, one of its most 

 characteristic fossils, and the individuals appear to be numerous throughout Oneida county, 

 but more rare to the east and west of that county. 



South of Paris hill, and near the road to Waterville, is Eastman's quarry, the stone of 

 which, as well as that of Cassville, is taken to Utica. There are but a few feet of this quarry 

 opened, but it extends through a long line, and the layers are very straight, and remarkably 

 favorable for leveUing. This was done by a school teacher of the neighborhood, his name 

 unknown, who found it to dip one inch to the rod, or about twenty-seven feet to the mile : its 

 dip, as usual, to the southwest. The upper portion of the quarry consists of the nodules of 

 flint, of which there are two layers, and the whole thickness exposed is about eight feet. The 

 quarry is opened along its north-northeast joint, which is very straight, the other being nearly 

 at a right angle. The Trivolve cyrtoceras is very common in one of the lower layers, and 

 may be seen in many of the flag stones in the streets of Utica. 



The whole of this rock appears to have been swept from off" the ridge between Oriskany 

 and Skanandoa creeks, as none is now to be seen thereon. It exists between the latter creek and 

 Oneida creek ; but is covered to a considerable extent by upper rocks and soil. It forms one 

 of the rocks at Oneida falls, but is not quarried, nor in any part of its range through Madison 

 county that was observed, the stone of the Onondaga and water-lime group being preferred. 

 It nevertheless was deposited, for it was found in every point where sought ; eind so also 

 through Onondaga and Cayuga counties. It is well exposed at West hill, to the south of 

 Syracuse. About tliirty or more feet of the rock is exposed at the side facing the north, but 

 no quarry is opened. It shows several layers of flint ; this mineral being very constant as an 

 associate, but varying as to quantity in different parts of its range, depending as it must upon 

 the quantity of siliceous particles disposed to come together, and the conditions favoring sepa- 

 ration being complied with. 



The hill-side to the east of Marcellus village shows also a like thickness of this rock, and 

 with like characters ; but none of it is quarried in Onondaga county. In Cayuga county it 

 is otherwise, extensive quarries being opened in this rock at Auburn and Springport. At 

 the former place, the quarries commence at the outlet, to the north of the village, and 

 extend for some distance east. The two quarries nearest to the outlet are owned by a New- 

 York company ; the next is Buhr's ; then McMasters and Sears'. At all these quarries, 

 the part containing flint forms the capping stone of the quarries ; the layers or ranges of flint 

 are quite numerous, being from eight to ten in number ; and the color of the solid part is deep 

 blue, or rather black. 



