UPUFTS OF THE MOHAWK. 205 



the Utica slate once covered their whole surface ; that by raising the lower rocks, the valley, 

 and the country to the north of the valley, are abundantly furnished with limestone for hme, 

 and with other excellent materials for building. 



Along the Mohawk, the first uplift is that of Flint hill. The lowest part consists of the 

 Calciferous group, which extends to Amsterdam village, and disappears under the Black- 

 river and the Trenton limestone ; the whole of which, further west, are lost imder the al- 

 luvion. This uplift has given rise to the quarry at Schelpintown, and to those of Amsterdam, 

 Stanton's, &c. 



68. 



Uplift at TYipes hill, by the side of the RaUroad. 



The second uplift is at Tripes hill ; showing by the sides of the railroad, three elevations 

 as in the wood-cut, the layers of which are inchned from east to west, ranging parallel with 

 each other. The first rise, or No. 1, consists of the Calciferous group, a quarry being opened 

 in this rock by the side of the road ; No. 2 consists of Birdseye limestone ; No. 3, the inter- 

 mediate mass to that rock and the Trenton limestone, the two forming with the Chazy hme- 

 stone the Black-river limestone group. The third elevation, or rise, No. 4, consists entirely of 

 the Trenton limestone. They all dip west ten degrees south, and show the direction of their 

 uplift, and the effects of denudation in producing their insulation. Between the Trenton lime- 

 stone and the river, is the intermediate mass ; it is extensively quarried at this place, and on 

 the hill near the village. The quarries near the village, the one at the foot of the hill in the 

 fiicoidal layers, and the large one on the hill, consisting as just mentioned of the intermediate 

 limestone, are in parts of this uplift. 



The third uplift is but very partial, the trenton only appearing ; it is by the road-side to 

 the east of Caughnawaga, or Fonda. 



The^ fourth uplift is the Noses. It rises in the valley hke a huge dyke or mountain barrier ; 

 showing a long continuous wall, (except where broken by the river,) which faces the east, and 

 slopes gradually aloiig the river to the west ; the Mohawk passing by a gap through the mass, 

 showing on either side a cliff of the Calciferous group, which often rises vertically to two 

 hundred and more feet. The gneiss forms the base of the east end. It shows itself in three 

 places on the south side, and terminates its range east, rising probably one hundred feet above 

 the river. On the north side, it underlies the road and extends to the side of the cliff, rising 

 forty or fifty feet on the west of the brook, where the cliff appears to be divided into two masses. 

 Gneiss also appears at the east end, where the rubbish, which partially covers its face, has 

 been removed. 



On the north side of the uplift, the calciferous has been uncovered to great extent, showing 



