206 GEOLOGY OF THE THIRD DISTRICT. 



a surface averaging five miles in length from north to south. Further north, the primary takes 

 its places, showing patches of Potsdam sandstone for about two miles from where it emerges 

 from under the calciferous. 



For some distance north of the river, at the east end of the uplift, alluvion and soil conceal 

 the surface rock ; but beyond, at many points, as instanced on Richard Schuyler's farm, the 

 Utica slate appears, dipping to the east at angles of about thirty degrees, the junction of the 

 gneiss and slate being covered with soil. The higher the point where the slate was found, 

 and the nearer its junction with the wall of gneiss, the more vertical was its position. 



On the south side at the same end, blue clay appears in the road and bank of the river ; 

 but further south, in ascending by the end of the uplift, the same slate appears, and inclining 

 in the same manner, as on the opposite side of the river. At the south side, whether passing 

 over the surface of the upUft at its extreme east end, or by the creek at Spraker's basin, or 

 still further west, the Calciferous group, the Birdseye and the Trenton Hmestones, and Utica 

 slate, all appear, the one rising upon the other in their order of succession. 



The uplift of the Noses cannot be said to terminate along the river short of Palatine church, 

 where the slate appears in the creek at its usual low level when not disturbed. The whole 

 of the uplift is of a great interest, exposing a vast mass of rock, and the succession of the 

 rocks, either going west along the river, or south. Many quarries are opened in its range, at 

 Canajoharie, Palatine bridge, Fort-Plain, on both sides of the river, etc. The creek at Fort- 

 Plain shows that the rocks on both sides have not the same elevation, those on the west side 

 being higher than those on the east ; therefore a partial upUft of the former exists, the two 

 not being on the same plane, but forming what is termed a. fault. 



Fifth uplift. This extends from Palatine church to near East-Canada creek, exhibiting a 

 large surface of the Calciferous group. It embraces two if not more series of uplifts, not 

 having collected sufiicient data to determine, though possibly the mere annunciation of the 

 fact is at this time all that is required ; the most difficult part of the task undertaken, being 

 to know what ought, and what ought not to be reported, and the amount of detail to be given ; 

 the survey of the State having been divided between a mineralogist, four geologists and a 

 palaeontologist, and therefore involving repetitions which it might be desirable to avoid. 



At St. Johnsville, there is considerable obscurity : the Calciferous group forms a high cliff 

 in the rear of the village, extending from Crumb beyond Zimmerman's creek, in nearly an 

 east and west direction. It is not the result of the wearing away of all the parts on its south 

 side, so as to give passage to the river ; for at the foot of the cliff, at Loomis' tannery, the 

 birdseye is seen, but obscurely ; next to it at the southeast, are the lower layers of the tren- 

 ton inclining from the calciferous ; and again to the east and north, the Utica slate — all 

 within a few rods of each other. That these rocks are in place, is evident from the existence 

 of the slate back of the village of St. Johnsville, above Averill's tannery at the little bridge. 

 The slate there appears in the bottom of the creek, inclining from the calciferous, which rises 

 one hundred feet above it : the slate dips to the south at an angle of about forty-five degrees. 

 It shows much white carbonate of lime, and some pyrites. The calciferous, at its junction 

 with the slate, is in one part fractured, the parts cemented forming a breccia. The slate is 



