MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 251 



at Palatine church, in the creek ; in the creek to the east of the uplift opposite St. Johnsville ; 

 upon the birdseye of the quarry of that uplift ; near Crumb creek ; below Ephratah ; and on 

 the east branch of the creek above that village. 



It is very obvious from an inspection of the map of the county to the north of the river, 

 that other localities of the rocks vehich are placed betvreen the Utica slate and the Calciferous 

 sandrock will be discovered ; for as the rocks have been raised from east' to west, those 

 intermediate to these two will be seen on the east side of the slate, that being their line of 

 outcrop, whilst the west end of the slate will show those only which have been protruded 

 through its surface ; all which, near the line of junction, have been removed, excepting the 

 calciferous and the primary. One of the obstacles which prevents the intermediate rocks from 

 being seen along the line of their outcrop below the slate, is the abundance of alluvion upon 

 the siirface of the Calciferous group, offering a strong contrast in this respect with the Utica 

 slate, whose soil is generally the result of the alteration of its own materials, showing but 

 little transported materials. 



The land slopes to the Mohawk on both sides of the river throughout its course in the 

 county, with the exception of the northeastern and northwestern portions ; the former inclining 

 to the Sacandaga river, and the latter to East-Canada creek. The whole of the county which 

 is occupied with the Primeiry rocks is yet a wilderness, excepting some portions along its out- 

 side border, and others again where facilities for sawing and getting out lumber exist ; and it 

 must remain uninhabited, until roads and other conveniences for transportation are made. It 

 is thickly covered with forest, and contains numerous lakes, which are disposed upon its 

 southern and western border, showing the height of the level land, from which the more ele- 

 vated hills and ridges of the Primary region usually rise. In several attempts made to examine 

 the rocks of the interior of the region, but little could be observed in comparison with its 

 margin ; commencing on the east side of Sacandaga river ; following its range on the north- 

 west side of Northampton, and the continuation of the same in Mayfield, Kingsborough, Klip 

 hill. Royal hill, and thence on through Stratford and Jerseyfield. Very little variation of rock 

 was noticed along East-Canada and its branches, being generally the rock of Little-Falls. 

 The country on that side is much more level than on the east side. 



One of the first prominent points going east along the Primary range, is Royal hill. It is 

 one of those high, long, narrow, north and south ranges which rise abruptly, like Klip hill and 

 others quite numerous in Saratoga county. It is composed of gneiss, similar to that of Little- 

 Falls, and in many parts divided by numerous joints into angular blocks. It is inchned to 

 the east, such being the direction of its lamellar minerals. There was nothing extraneous 

 discovered in this hill, but a little plumbago and small garnets. This hill forms the west side 

 of Pleasant valley, and extends up to near Garoga lake. The valley is covered with alluvion, 

 but it is probable was once imderlaid by the Utica slate, which may yet there exist, as water- 

 worn fragments of it are numerous at the foot of the high bank below Pleasant- Valley village, 

 which could not have come from any point south, no fact of the kind having been observed 

 in the Primary region. The valley of Garoga creek separates Royal hill from Klip hill, the 

 prolongation of the Noses. From thence the Primary mass rises to the east, and near Kings- 



