GEOLOGY OF THE THIRD DISTRICT. 



bury viUage attains considerable elevation. For about six or seven miles, the course of the 

 nmge of primary is to the north and east, and its height uniform, appearing as a ridge. 

 Beyond, it is broken into rounded or curved masses of different elevations, etc. There is a 

 much greater variety of gneiss at the east than at the west end, in that section of country. 

 On Mr. Clark's farm, about two and a half miles from Kingsborough, the rock is quarried for 

 the village. It 'has a striped or ribbony appearance, being a well-characterized gneiss, and 

 contains numerous small red garnets, which give a brownish color to the rock, the mica being 

 black. Green feldspar is very common in the rock. Further north there is an abundance of 

 beautiful porphyritic gneiss, suitable for all purposes to which granite is applied ; its structure 

 being but sUghtly schistose, and which would favor its extraction. The hills, or mountains as 

 ihey are here termed, rise about five to six hundred feet above their base, the latter being 

 elevated about eleven hundred feet above the Mohawk, as was ascertained for the purpose of 

 connecting the waters of the Sacandaga with the Mohawk. 



The junction of the Primary and the Calciferous sandstone, from Royal hill to East-Canada 

 creek, is concealed by alluvion. The country from the creek to Lasselsville consists of 

 rounded elevations, sandy, loamy and clayey, between which the small water courses of that 

 section pass on their way to the Mohawk. East of the village there are sand-hills, and the 

 remains of a gravel bank ; and from thence to Royal hill, gravel hills, composed of stones 

 firom the size of paving stones to small gravel. The country is much broken by rounded and 

 irregular elevations and depressions ; showing, from Royal hill to East-Canada creek, a Une 

 of agitated waters, resembling the one which extends along Black river to Boonville. 



At Pleasant- Valley, the alluvion is of great thickness, its hills rising to about one hundred 

 feet of elevation. It continues up to Garoga lake, the banks of which are now a swamp, 

 owing to a dam of but a few feet, which caused their overflow. The hills extend below the 

 mill near Garoga village, and pass east towards Kingsbury ; and from thence by the line of 

 dividing waters south of Fonda's-Bush, into Saratoga county. The great mass of the chain 

 of hills east of Garoga creek is of yellow sand, the same kind with that of the Primary region. 

 The whole chain is Uke a line of dividing waters, especially that part which is between 

 Kingsbury and Saratoga county ; the wind and the waves having united their forces to heap 

 up the sand of the beach. 



The Vlie, or natural meadow and swamp which extends along the creek of that name to 

 near the Fish-house, are the remains of a lake, and show the preexistent state of that country ; 

 the drainage of which happened at successive periods, as is beautifully shown, and the extent 

 of alluvial action also, near where the upper and lower roads unite, which lead from Cran- 

 berry post-office to the river, near the hill or moimtain side. There four well defined alluvial 

 banks exist, resembling great steps or benches, ranging by the mountain side, which forms a 

 semi-amphitheatre, changing by a curve from a northeast to a south-southeast direction. The 

 upper bank of alluvion rises about a hundred feet above the river ; the next below, about 

 eighty feet ; the third, from thirty to forty feet ; and the lowest, from ten to twelve feet. The 

 upper one is of sand, the second of bluish clay covered with sand, and two lower ones of sand 

 uod gravel. 



