SOD GEOLOGY OF THE THIRD DISTRICT. 



to West-Canada creek ; covering a breadth of surface from three to four miles at the north, 

 and increasing towards Remsen, its breadth towards Trenton village being about seven miles. 

 It extends up the valley of Steuben creek, and along the valley of Beaver-meadow creek ; 

 the waters of the two creeks separated by alluvion, and flowing in opposite directions. Be- 

 sides the parts so covered, it appears at Holland patent, and in the bottom of Lansing's kill, 

 and a part of the Mohawk between the mouth of Beaver-meadow creek and the kill ; also 

 along West-Canada creek, from its junction with Steuben and Cincinnati creeks, to Herki- 

 mer county. Elsewhere it has no existence in the county. In all its great comparative 

 range, it dips to the southwest, and under the Utica slate. 



The most valuable part of the mass is the grey limestone, which is very abundant. Be- 

 tween Cincinnati bridge, above Trenton village and Boonville, it is the common surface rock. 

 At Trenton falls it forms the upper part, being more observable on the west than the east 

 aide ; also along the creek above Prospect. On the waters of Steuben creek, many quarries 

 are opened in the grey variety, and also near the villages of Holland-patent and Stittsville. 

 A low ridge of Utica slate separates the waters of Steuben creek from those of Nine-mile 

 creek, covering the Trenton limestone between the two valleys. 



The valley generally at Holland-patent is covered with the Utica slate, but not probably of 

 any great thickness. About a mile from the village, near the road to Trenton village, is Nol- 

 ton's quarry. The surface of the rock is much water-worn, parts removed, and the depres- 

 sions filled with alluvion. It is in thick and irregular layers, of a light grey color, encrinal, 

 and contains the Little-eared delthyris (D. microptera), Alternate strophomena (S. altemata), 

 fragments of the Giant isotelus (L gigas), etc. The valley spreads going towards Rome, 

 and descends though rising upon a higher rock, from the dip of the limestone. 



On Lansing kill, the limestone is confined to the bed of the creek, the high banks on both 

 sides being covered by the Utica slate ; the valley is narrow, the greater part of it being occu- 

 pied by the bed of the kill. At ordinary times there is but little water in many parts of the 

 kill, the water sinking into the fissures and sink-holes of the limestone. These are numerous 

 along its course above the falls ; and the stream, in its course, often disappears and reappears. 

 There are two falls, both over the limestone ; the upper one estimated at seventy-five feet, 

 the lower at fifty feet. Boulders of primary rock, which are numerous all over the surface 

 near Boonville, are strung along the kill, showing one of the modes by which these masses 

 have been carried from where first deposited as boulders. At the upper falls, there are a 

 number which have been arrested at that place, waiting a stronger force to take them to a 

 lower level and a greater distance. 



The Utica slate covers a much larger surface, appearing to the west and south of the 

 Trenton limestone in all its range, forming a thick overlying mass. It covers the greater part 

 of the town of Steuben ; the greater part of Floyd, of Deerfield, and a large portion of Trenton. 

 It extends a short distance to the west of Boonville, and of Lansing's kill, the Frankfort slate 

 having been seen in one or two places near the kill. It extends along the south border of the 

 Mohawk to Herkimer county, appearing in the canal and in the creek at Utica, extending 

 along the creek in the flat for some distance. It shows no change of character throughout, 



