h 



ONEIDA COUNTY. 261 



either mineral or fossil. It has been extensively washed away between the extension of Ha- 

 senclever hill and West-Canada creek, towards Trenton village. 



The Frankfort slate, with its thin layers of sandstone, extends south and west from the 

 outside border of the Utica slate, entering from Herkimer county, and passing out into Lewis 

 at the west of Boonville. Within the border of the Utica slate, it covers the high hill in the 

 town of Deerfield, a small area in Floyd, and the highest points of the Utica slate in Steuben. 

 It forms the base of the first range of hills to the south of Utica, which disappear in the level 

 towards Hampton. The boring near the village, and which has given rise to the Hampton 

 springs, is in this rock. As before mentioned, this is the rock from whence the springs at 

 Saratoga and Ballston issue, and in which the boring at Albany was made. 



In Oneida county, going west, the two succeeding portions to the Frankfort rock appear, 

 the whole constituting the Hudson river group : the lower one is first seen near Halleck's 

 springs ; again at Whitall's quarry near Rome, and through Lee centre, etc. At Whitall's 

 it shows more sohd stone, but in layers too thin and too few in number to be of profit. The 

 upper part, the sandstone shale of Pulaski, is first seen at Talcott's and Comstock's quarry 

 to the southeast of Rome, and about a mile to the south of Whitall's. It doubtless com- 

 mences further east, but buried under alluvion and soil. It is a good building stone at both 

 these quarries, containing far more sandstone than is to be seen in any other part of its range, 

 either in this county, Lewis or Oswego. This portion of the group extends over by Taberg 

 village, its breadth greatly increasing north, extending over a surface of eight or nine miles, 

 and narrowing the superficial space of the lower portions. Its fragments are numerous all 

 over the surface of the west part of Boonville, Annsville, Taberg and Lee. It is readily 

 recognized by its fossils, alreadily sufficiently made known. 



Southwest of Talcott's and Comstock's quarries, about four miles from Rome, the Grey 

 sandstone makes its first appearance west, and is quarried at Woodruff. It is of a light grey 

 color, not in regular layers, and the upper portions much broken. Some pieces of the rock 

 make good grindstones. Accretions of shale, usually bluish, often appear in the sandstone ; 

 the same being common to the rock at Talcott's, and the red sandstone of Oswego county : the 

 sandstone is quarried for Rome. There is a defect in parts of the rock, from the presence of 

 pyrites, which decomposes and stains the stone of a yellow color. 



The same rock appears in the road which leads from Rome to Verona, in its range to the 

 northwest. It is not again seen until near Camden, from the covering of alluvion and swamps 

 at the head of Oneida lake, which swamp extends to Rome. The Grey sandstone covers 

 the whole of the town of Camden excepting the southwest portion, and the whole of Florence 

 excepting a few patches of Red sandstone. It appears in numerous places in those two towns. 

 It is not so light a grey as at Woodruff, and contains less sand, or more shale. Its color is 

 somewhat greenish grey. 



The Red sandstone appears in small amount, near the line of Oswego and Oneida. From 

 the line of its direction in the former county, from its great breadth, the flat surface of the 

 grey sandstone through the town of Camden and at Woodruff, it must extend east as far, if 

 not beyond Woodruff; the lines of its surface, as laid down upon the map, having been deter- 



