GEOLOGY OF THE THmO DISTRICT. 



mined by the range of the Grey sandstone, and that of the Clinton group. Beyond these 

 limits, it occurs in the village of Florence, on the rising ground to the north of the village, 

 and near the town hne of Camden on the road to Taberg. 



Oneida conglomerate. This rock is coextensive with the county : its greatest thickness, 

 too, is in this county ; showing, however, in most of its locality, except its northern end, an 

 outcrop in common with all the rocks above it. It occurs in Starch-factory creek ; in the hill 

 to the east of Utica ; at the falls at the head of the gulph ; in loose blocks in the liill south- 

 east of Utica, and in place there also ; at Mason quarry, at the point of the hill near New- 

 Hartford centre ; on Mr. Smart's farm, also near Wells', and to the south of New-Hartford ; 

 on the east side of the canal, about a mile below Clinton village ; at David Mansfield's, to the 

 south of Hampton village ; near Oneida springs, and the stone pound to the northwest of 

 Verona village. At these two latter places, there is the greatest extent of its surface exposi- 

 tion in the district. 



The Clinton group. This group extends from Herkimer through the county, its breadth 

 greatly increasing, west of the Chenango canal. It covers the surface of the first range of 

 hills to the south of Utica, which diminishes west. It rests immediately upon the conglome- 

 rate, and therefore its lower boundary is readily determined. It is a valuable group in Oneida, 

 containing the two beds of red fossihferous iron ore, and is quarried in numerous places for 

 its sandstone, all which were noticed under the group. Its ore must one day become an 

 object of profitable exchange for the coal of Pennsylvania ; for inasmuch as double the weight 

 of coal is required to reduce a ton of ore to the metallic state, the ore will be carried where 

 the coal is, and not the coal to the ore, so that the latter will be wanted for a return freight. 

 There is no part of Pennsylvania that I have yet seen, especially in its northern region, which 

 exhibits such extensive ranges of ore, and of so good a quality, as in this group ; or where 

 so great an extent exists with so little superincumbent materials, as in Oneida county. The 

 first considerable exposition of the ore is on the hill to the south of Utica, at Wadsworth's 

 diggings ; the next, along the road from New-Hartford to CUnton ; at Dr. Ruddock's quarry, 

 and the various quarries, etc. to the west by north of Clinton village ; in the neighborhood 

 of Lairdsville ; towards Westmoreland furnace and Verona. The best localities for the exa- 

 mination of the whole is in the creek by Rodgers' machine factory on the Sauquoit. When 

 that is well examined, there is no difficulty in determining to what part of the group any of 

 the apparent insulated parts or masses belong. 



Lockport group. This group is but small in the county ; but firom where first noticed in 

 Herkimer, it has gained considerably in its progress through Oneida. At the east end it 

 exhibits but its outcrop, and but very little more appears in the side-hill ; but in the town of 

 Verona along Skanandoa creek, and that part of Verona which borders on Skanandoa village, 

 its surface is exposed, the country being level. Its best point of exposition are Hart's, for- 

 merly Grifl^'s mill, on the east branch of the Oriskany ; at Verona village, back of Turkey- 

 street especially ; and the neighborhood of Skanandoa. It is of interest from its concretionary 

 character, its fossils, and being the extension of the group east of the Niagara Falls rocic 

 which disappears in Herkimer county. This group, which consists of dark impure limestone 



