Prunus virginiana 

 Rosa woodsii 

 Sanicula marilandica 

 Symphoricarpos occidentalis 

 Viola canadensis 



2. TOPOGRAPHY: Both Ashland District sites are in the upper reaches of the 

 bottom of narrow, steep-sided draws lacking surface watercourse. Both draw 

 segments trend east-west, providing maximum shelter from the sun. Statewide 

 elevations range from ca. 3800-4300 ft. 



3. SOIL RELATIONSHIPS: Soils are well-drained loams with deep profiles 

 compared to those on adjoining slopes. Silty alluvium had washed onto one of 

 the Big Horn County collection sites, but there was no apparent surface runoff 

 in the study area. 



E. POPULATION BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY 



1. PHENOLOGY: This species has been collected in Montana between early 

 June and late July. In the study area, fruiting began during the third week of 

 June; the 1995 growing season was slightly more cool and moist compared 

 with the a\'erage. 



2. POPULATION SIZE AND CONDITION: Individuals were made up of 

 robust, multi-stemmed clumps. The two study area populations were very 

 small, with numbers ranging from 8-20 clumps and were aggregated. 



The species was described as "common" in a green ash woody draw in Big 

 Horn Co. (003). Green ash woody draws and their settings possible provide a 

 more suitable habitat for large populations of Carex gravida. 



3. REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY 



a. TYPE OF REPRODUCTION: Individual plants can reproduce 

 vegetatively to expand the clump size and to form large clumps which 

 may be very long-lived. Seed production is the only means of 

 establishing new individuals. 



b. POLLINATION BIOLOGY: Outcrossing by wind pollination is 

 common in the genus. 



c. SEED DISPERSAL AND BIOLOGY: Unknown. 



4. BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS 



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