61 



Betula glandulosa (bog birch) 



Campanula rotundifolia (harebell) 



Castilleia miniata (scarlet paintbrush) 



Eriogonum umbel latum (sulfurf lower) 



Galium boreale (northern bedstraw) 



Gentianopsis detonsa (fringed gentian) 



Geranium richardsonii (white geranium) 



Geum macrophvllum (largeleaved avens) 



Habenaria hyperborea (northern green bog-orchid) 



Heracleum lanatum (cow-parsnip) 



Mimulus quttatus (yellow monkey-flower) 



Potentilla fruticosa (shrubby cinquefoil) 



Rhamnus alnifolia (alder buckthorn) 



Rorippa nasturtium-aqua ticum (water-cress) 



Rudbeckia occidentalis (black head) 



Salix wolf ii (Wolf's willow) 



Senecio crassulus (thick-leaved groundsel) 



Senecio serra (butterweed groundsel) 



Solidaqo canadensis (Canadian goldenrod) 



Symphoricarpos albus (snowberry) 



2. TOPOGRAPHY AND SOILS: Castilleja qracillima was 

 found to occur at the edges of running water, on 

 stream or river bottoms, or on slopes of nearly 10% 

 at Snowflake Springs. Streamside or bottom sites 

 are sandy or gravelly, while the Snowflake Springs 

 site occurs on a vegetated limestone terrace that 

 was deposited by the springs. 



F. POPULATION BIOLOGY, DEMOGRAPHY T^D ECOLOGY 



1. PHENOLOGY AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY: Castilleja 

 qracillima blooms from June to August in Montana. 

 The inflorescence elongates as fruiting begins, the 

 bracts remaining colorful through July as seed set 

 begins. Castilleja s produce many seeds following 

 out-crossing with other individuals. Hummingbirds 

 and insects are the usual pollination agents. The 

 seeds are very light and easily airborne. 

 Castilleia qracillima is one of the few species 

 that is at least partially rhizomatous. New 

 individuals may therefore arise as a result of 

 either sexual or vegetative reproduction. 



2. POPULATION SIZE AND CONDITION: Populations of 

 Castilleia qracillima were observed to be vigorous, 

 but restricted in the area they covered. Up to 

 1000 plants occur at the Snowflake Springs site, 

 covering an area of 2-5 acres. This estimate is 

 based on the number of ramets (above-ground stems) 

 rather than genets (separate individuals) , as 

 individual genets are not easily discernible 

 without knowledge of the root system. The Grayling 

 Creek site supports 100-500 plants on a small sandy 



