Book 111. 



OF THE QUALITIES OF SOILS. 



315 



Species. 



Variety. 

 f Black 



Clay 



Fr imitive 

 boils. 



Earths alone 



Earths and 

 Salts or 

 Metals. 



r Cla ? 



Secondary 



Soils. 



•Earths and 

 organic re- « 

 mains 

 alone. 



Lime 



Earths and 

 organic re- 

 mains, 

 with 

 metals, 

 salts, and 

 to rocks. 



Clay 

 Lime 



Sand 



Granite - 

 Basalt - 



Schist - 



Sand.stone 

 Limestone ■* 

 LCoal 



Entire 



Entire 

 r Ferrugineous 

 \ Cupreous - - 



t Saline - - 



r Ferrugineous 

 i Cupreous - - • 



' Saline - 

 r Ferrugineous 

 j Cupreous 

 {. Saline 



Loamy 



Peaty 



Mouldy 



Limy - - 



m Sandy - 



'Clayey 



Loamy 



Sandy - - 



Peaty 



Mouldy 



Clayey 



Loamy 



Limy 



Peaty 



Mouldy - - 



- Ferrugineous, loamy, &c. 



Ferrugineous, limy, lVc. 



Ferrugineous, sandy, &c. 



Ferrugineous, peaty, &c. 



Ferrugineous,mouldy,,S;c. 



Cupreous, loamv, &c. 



Saline, loamy, ccc. 

 ^-Cinerous, loamy, &c. 

 r Ferrugineous, loamy, &c. 



Ferrugineous, sandy, &c. 



Cupreous, loamy, &'c. 



Cupreous, sandy, &c. 



Saline, loamy, &c. 



Saline, sandy, &c. 



Cinereous, loamy, &c. 

 *- Cinereous, limy, &c. 

 r Ferrugineous, loamy, Sec. 



Ferrugineous, limy, &c. 



Cupreous, loamy, &c. 



Cupreous, limy, &c. 



Saline, loamy, &c. 



Saline, limy, &c. 



Cinereous, loamy, Sec. 

 "~ Cinereous, limy, &c 



{Ferrugineous, &c. - 

 Quartzose, &c- 

 j- Ferrugineous, Sec. 

 } Columnar, &c. 

 C Whinstone, &c. 

 r- Ferrugineous, Sec. 

 } Micaceous, Sec. 

 C Chlorite, &c. 

 P Ferrugineous, &c. 

 \ Calcareous, &c. 

 ~\ Argillaceous, &c. 

 C Cupreous, &c. 



Chalky, &c. 



Marble, &c. 



Shelly, ficc. 



Magne^an, Sic. 



Sulphuric, &.C. 



Ft-rrugineous, &c. 



Cupreous, Sec. 



Argillaceous, &c. 

 .. Silicious, Sec. 



{Slaty, &c. - 



Pyritic, &c. 

 Stony, &c. 

 Woody, &c 



Red .... 



Yellow - 

 Coarse - 



- Fine • 



Black, red, yellow, coarse, fine, Sec. 

 Black, red, vellow, coarse, tine, &c. 

 Black, red, yellow, coarse, fine, &c. 

 Black, red, &c. 



Black, red, &c. - - • - 

 Black, red - 



Black, red - - - 



Black, red, yellow, coarse, fine, &c. 

 Black, red, vellow, cuarse, fine,&c. 

 Black 

 Black 



Black, red, yellow, &c. 

 Black, red, yellow, &c. 

 Black 



Black . - - 



Black 



Black, red, yellow, &c. 

 Black 



Black - - - 



Black - 



Black - - - 



Black 



B'ack - - - 



Black 



Black - - . 



Black 



Black - - - 



Black 



Black - - - - 



Black - 



Black - - - 



Black 

 Black - - 



Black 



Bl.ck - - 



Black - - 



Black - - - 



Black 



Black 



Black 



Black - - 



Black 



Black 



Black - 



Black - - 



Black - - 



Black - 



Black - 



Black 



Black - - 



Black, red, yellow, &c. 



Black 



Black, red, yellow, &c. 



Black 



Black - - - - 



Black, red, yellow, &c. 



Black 



Black 



Black, &c. - 



Black 



Black 



Black 



Black, red, &c. 



Black 



Black 



Black 



Black - - 



Black - - 



Black 



Black - - 



Black - 



Black, red, yellow, &c. 



Black - - . 



Black - - 



Black ... 



! 



Sub-Variety 

 Moist. 

 Dry. 

 Rich, 

 roor. 

 Sterile. 



Moist, dry, &c. 

 MoM, dry, &c. 

 Moist, dry, See. 

 Moist, dry, &c. 

 Moist, dry,rich, &G 

 Moist, dry, &e. 

 Moist, dry, &c. 

 Moist, dry, Sec. 

 Moist, dry, &c. 

 Moist, dry, &c. 

 Moist, dr., &c. 

 Moist, dry, rich, &c 

 Moist, dry, rich, &c 

 Moist. 



Moist, dry, &c. 

 Moist, dry, etc. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist, dry. 

 Moist- 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 M oist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 



Moist, dry, &c. 

 Moist. 



Moist, drv, &e. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist, &c. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist, &c. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 



Mjist, dry, &c. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 



Moist, dry, rich, &c 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 

 Moist. 



Sect. III. Of discovering the Qualities of Soils. 



2121. The value of soils to the cultivator is discoverable botanically, chemically, and 

 mechanically ; that is, by the plants that grow on them naturally ; by chemical analysis ; 

 and by their sensible qualities of roughness, smoothness, taste, smell, and fracture. 



Subsect. 1. Of discovering the Qualities of Soils by means of the Plants which grow 



on them. 



2122. Plants a~c the most certain indicators of the nature of a soil ; for while no prac- 

 tical cultivator would engage with land of which he knew only the results of a chemical 

 analysis, or examined by the sight and touch a few bushels which were brought to him, 

 yet every gardener or farmer, who knew the sort of plants it produced, would be at once 

 able to decide as to its value for cultivation. 



2123. The leading soils for the cidtivator are the clayey, calcareous, sandy, ferrugineous, 

 peaty, saline, moist or aquatic, and dry. The following are the plants by which such 

 soils are distinguished in most parts of Europe : — 



2124. Argillaceous. Common coltsfoot (Tussilago Farfara) ; goose tansy (Potentilla 

 Ansenna), silvery (argentea), and creeping (rqitans); yellow meadow rue (Thalictrum 



