Book IV 



HAND MACHINES. 



379 



trouble : there it is commonly placed in the broad passage behind the horses, or in any 

 spare corner. It should be stout, and have good hinges, and a safe lock and key. 



2531. The flexible tube, for relieving cattle that are hoven or choked, consists of a 

 strong leathern tube about four feet long and about half an inch in diameter, with a 

 leaden nozzle pierced with holes at the insertion end It 

 should be kept in every farmery. There is a similar one, 

 on a smaller scale, for sheep, which should be kept by all 

 shepherds. Both will be found figured and described in 

 Part III. Book VII. 



2532. Jones's kiln-drying apparatus (Jig- 246. section) 

 consists of two concentric cylinders about six feet in dia- 

 meter, and is from the bottom to the top of its cones twelve 

 feet high. The outer cylinder may either be perforated with 

 small holes, or made of wire gauze. In the centre of the 

 inner cylinder are a fire-place and chimney. The grain to 

 be dried is admitted between the cylinders through a hopper 

 at top, and distributing itself round the internal cone, it is 

 discharged through a spout into a sack or receiver. In 

 passing the grain becomes heated, and the moisture eva- 

 porates, and passes off through the perforations of the ex- 

 terior cylinder. (Newton s Journal, vol. vii. p. 214.) 



2533. Com measures consist of the lippie, peck, and 

 bushel, with the strike or rolling pin to pass over the surface, 

 and determine their fulness. The local measures of every 

 country are numerous ; the imperial bushel is now the 

 standard corn-measure of the three kingdoms. 



2534. Com sack or bags are strong hempen bags, calcu- 

 lated to hold four bushels ; and in Scotland four firlots. 



2535. Other utensils, as those of the dairy, poultry, and 

 cider-house, will be described in their appropriate places. 



2536. The essential agricultural utensils are the sieve, 

 basket, seed-carrier, tub, pail, corn chest, flexible tube, corn 

 measure, and corn sack. 



Sect. IV. Hand Machines used in Agriculture. 



2537. Agricultural hand machines are generally portable ; some are exclusively put in 

 action by man, as the wheel-barrow; and others, as the straw-cutter, sometimes by 

 horses, water, or other powers. 



2538. The common ladder is the simplest of 

 manual machines, and is in constant use for forming 

 and thatching ricks, and for other purposes; with 

 or without the use of trestles and scaffolding. 



2539. The ii'heel-barrow is of three kinds : — 

 the new ground work barrow [Jig. 247. i used in 



moving earth or stones; the dung barrow (Jig. 248.) for the farmyard; and the corn 

 barrow (Jig. 249.)Jfor conveying corn from the stackyard to the barn. The body of 



the latter (b) may 249 



be made to separate \S? 



from the frame and 



wheel, and by 



means of levers a) 



to be carried like 



the hand-barrow. 

 2540. Harrows 



Jor hay and straw 



may be variously 

 constructed, and near towns (figs. 250, 251. J may be used for wheeling light package-.. 



2541. The sack-barrow is a two-handed lever of the first kind, the fulcrum of which 



