B 



IV. 



HAND MACHINES. 



383 



the finer material or dust is reserved for sheep or for manure. Price in London from 

 8 to 1 1 guineas. 



2556. A stone-breaking machine impelled by steam may be constructed of two fluted 

 rollers, placed side by side, about an inch apart, and turning different ways. The stones 

 are put into a kind of hopper above, and pushed down with a rake, affording a regular 

 supply to the roller. It is worked by one of Kay and Koutledge's rotatory engines, of 

 one-horse power, and will completely break a ton of hard pebbles in about six or eight 

 minutes. (Newton s Journal, vol. vi. p. 152.) 



2557. The root-breaker or bruiser fig. 266.) is composed of two widely fluted rollers, 

 placed under a hopper, turned by two men. It is used for breaking or bruising 

 potatoes, turnips, carrots, or other raw roots, into small or moderate sized pieces, 

 before giving them to cattle or horses. The same implement may be set so close by 

 means of two screws, as to serve for a whin-bruiser, or for breaking beans or com of 

 any kind. 



266 



^ 



2558. The com-bruising machine (Jig. 267.) is contrived for the purpose of bruising 

 or kibbling different sorts of grain, pulse, &c. as well as grinding malt. It is a simple 

 implement, constructed with two iron rollers of different diameters, turned true on their 

 axles or spindles, each roller having a cog or tooth wheel. A roller with grooves is 

 fixed under the hopper, to receive the grain from the hopper, and lay it on the two rollers. 

 To one of the rollers is fixed a fly-wheel. The machine is made to be worked by hand, 

 or any other power. The upper wood frame is made to slide, and is regulated by a 

 screw, according to the size of the grain, and will bruise it more or less as may be 

 required. 



2559. The potato four-mill (fg. 268.) 



consists of a cylinder (a) covered with tin- 

 plates pierced with holes, so as to leave 



a rough surface, in the same manner as the 



graters used for nutmegs, &c, but the holes 



in this are larger. This cylinder is situate 



beneath a hopper (b), into which the potatoes 



are thrown, and thence admitted into a kind 



of trough (c), when they are forced against 



the cylinder, which, as it revolves, grinds the 



potatoes to a pulp. Motion is given to the 

 machine by a handle fixed upon the end of 



the axis of the grating cylinder (a), and on 

 the opposite extremity of this axis is a fly- 

 wheel d) to regulate and equalise the 

 movement. The potatoes, when put into 

 the hopper, press by their weight upon the 

 too of the cylinder, and, as it revolves, they 

 are in part grated away. On one side of the lower part of the hopper is an opening, 

 closed or opened more or less, at pleasure, by a slider (e) ; and the degree of opening 

 which this has, regulates the passage of the potatoes from the hopper into the trough (c). 

 This is as wide as the length of the cylinder, and lias a concave board (/) fitted into it, 



268 



