418 SCIENCE OF AGRICULTURE. Past II. 



crops, or clovers, with liquid manure, previously rolling them. It has the advantage of 



362 



a more perfect machine, in the holes being easily cleaned when choked up with the 

 thickened water. 



2712. The furrow-roller {fig. 363.) is con- 

 trived for the purpose of rolling the furrows in 

 steep hilly situations, and other places where the 

 common roller cannot be employed. 



2713. The Norfolk drill-roller, and the ridge 

 and furrow concave or scalloped roller attached to 

 certain turnip-drills, have already been depicted. 



(2680. and 2688.) 



2714. The pressing plough is a term erroneously applied to a machine of the roller 



kind (fg. 364.) It generally 

 consists of two cast-iron wheels, 

 for the purpose of impressing 

 two small seed gutters or drills 

 on the furrow slices turned 



over by the common plough, 

 and a third wheel for running 

 in the bottom of the furrow 

 for the purpose of keeping the machine steady. The wheels are kept clean by scrapers. 

 (fg. 365.) This implement is used in breaking up clover leys for wheat, two ploughs 

 follow each other ; and after them one horse, walking in the fur- 

 row, drags the pressing plough. The advantages are said to be 

 a firm bed for the seed, by which it is not liable to be thrown 

 v^ out in the winter season, and not so liable to be attacked by the 

 \x^N^ g ru b ar, d wire worm ; and the rising of the plants in rows, by 



^v_^ which means they may be hoed or harrowed between. 



2715. Brown's cross-cutting machine (fg. 366.) is used for cross-cutting the furrows 



of rough, mossy, and heathy land, in 

 order to reduce the soil to a state fit 

 for receiving the seed. It consists 

 of a series of parallel iron plates, or 

 blades as they may be termed, fixed 

 in a frame-work of wood, by the 

 weight of which, and the pressure on 

 the shafts by the driver, they are 

 forced into the ground. The frame 

 consists of oak ; and the main beams 

 are 4 feet long, 6 inches deep, and 

 5 inches broad, with cross bars of 

 proportional strength. The handles 



365 



are 6§ feet long. The blades are 

 ^^ of good foreign iron, 4 feet 3 inches 



