678 PRACTICE OF AGRICULTURE. Part III. 



< ist. iii preference to other points ; a level or flat area of sufficient extent for the build' 

 ings, yards, and gardens; grass-land sufficient for one small enclosure or more; and 

 suitable outlets to the different parts of the farm, and to public roads and markets. 



•I LIT. Some of these requisitet may be supplied by art, as shelter, by plantations ; water, 

 by wells and ponds; a flat, by levelling; and grass-lands, by culture: the direction of 

 the roads depends entirely on the designer. But in some cases the situation of the 

 farmery cannot be rendered central, as it frequently happens in the fenny districts of 

 Cambridgeshire, where danger might be incurred from extraordinary floods; and in the 

 case of mountainous sheep farms, where a central situation might be so elevated as to 

 be deprived of most of the other requisites. Still, even in these cases, the general re- 

 quisites ought to be attained as far as practicable; and there are degrees of attainment, as 

 to a central situation, to be arrived at even among fens and mountains. 



4158. Excellent examples of different descriptions of farmeries are to be found in Ber- 

 wickshire, Northumberland, East Lothian, and on the Marquis of Stafford's estates in 

 Shropshire, Staffordshire, and Sutherland. Besides a great number of cottages and 

 farmeries of different descriptions, thirty-seven new farmeries have been erected by the 

 Marquis of Stafford in Shropshire alone. Loch, Lord Stafford's agent, in describing these 

 ( Account of Improvements on the M. of 'Stafford' 's Estates, Ac. )■ states, that " much attention 

 and consideration have been given to the plans of these buildings, with the view of com- 

 bining as many advantages as possible, and of arranging the different parts in such a 

 way as to save the time of the tenant and his people, and in order that their extent 

 might be reduced to the least size practicable, securing at the same time the accommo- 

 dation required. The most approved plans in both ends of the island were consulted, 

 and a gradual improvement has been made on them. The latter ones combine the ad- 

 vantages of the English and Scotch buildings, avoiding, it is hoped, their respective 

 defects. To almost every one of these homesteads is attached a threshing machine, 

 constructed on the best principles: wherever water could be obtained, that has been 

 made use of as the impelling power ; and, of late, some of the more extensive farms 

 have been provided with steam-engines for that purpose." 



4159. In selecting a few of these examples, the first we shall mention is that of Sidera, 

 or Cider Hall, in Sutherland, erected in 1818. The soil of this farm is of a light and 

 excellent quality, particularly suited to the Norfolk rotation of husbandry, which is 

 followed by Rule, the new tenant, a native of the county of Roxburgh. The house and 

 homestead cost 2200/. It is built, in the most sufficient manner, of stone and lime, 

 and covered with Easdale slate, from the west coast of Scotland. In the garden, which 

 is an old one, there are some of the finest holly trees to be met with any where, with 

 several apple, pear, and gean, or small black cherry, trees, of so considerable a size as to 

 show that there is nothing in the climate to prevent the growth of even the more delicate 

 kinds of timber, if not exposed to the sea breeze. 



4160. The accommodations of the house are, on the ground floor, a parlour, lobby, and 

 staircase, family room, pantry, and kitchen ; behind may be an open yard, and in front a 

 flower-garden ; the chamber story, a bedroom and bedcloset, two bedrooms, maid servant's 

 room, and bedroom. The offices contain a cart-house, stable, tool-house, threshing- 

 mill, and straw-house, horse-course, cattle-sheds, dairy, calf-pen, cow-byre, feeding-byre, 

 boothy (i. e. booth or lodge) for ploughmen ; pigsties, and poultry above ; paved way, 

 and cattle-yards. 



4161. As an example of a Xorth u mberland farmery for a farm of from 400 to 500 acres, 

 we have recourse to The General lieport of Scotland- The accommodations are as 

 follows : — In the dwelling-house are the entrance, stairs to chambers and cellars, and 

 lobby, dining-room, pantry, coal-closet, parlour, business-room, kitchen, back-kitchen, 

 dairy, store-room, poultry, farm-servants' kitchen, boiling-house, root-house, riding-horse 

 stable. In the economical buildings are a cart. shed, straw-barn, and granary over ; 

 corn-barns, hinds, byre for three cows, byre for ten cows, with feeding passage in the 

 centre ; calf-house, loose-horse place, stable, feeding sheds for cattle, with feeding 

 passage along the centre; pigs, dung-places, straw-yards, cart-shed, and open court. 

 The aspect of the house is south, and the garden and orchard are in front of it. 



4162. As an example of a very complete farmer;! fir a turnip and barley soil, we give 

 that of Pearu (jig. 605.)*, erected by the Marquis of Stafford in the parish of Escall 

 Magna, in Shropshire, in 1820. The farm contains 460 acres of turnip soil; and the 

 farmery the following accommodations, including a threshing machine driven by steam. 

 In the house are two parlours (a, a), family-room (6), brew-house, two stories (c) ; pantry 

 (d\ milk-house (<>), kitchen (f), bedrooms (g), menscrvants' bedroom (h). In the 

 eourt offices a hackney-stable (/,), stair under cover (£), waggon-shed and granary over 

 'J), tool-house (m), cow-house (n), places for turnips and straw (o, p), steam-engine (q), 

 parn (r), straw or other cattle-food (.?), stall-fed cattle (/), stables (?/), turnip-houses (v), 

 biggerics, poultry, tools, and necessary (»•), cattle-sheds to each yard (r). 



