1 1 L'6 



STATISTICS Ol-" AGRICULTURE. 



Part IV. 



2. State <;/" Property. 



I state aval Chcfi SMSssgeaeent i;hht.i1I) under the care of 



attorneys, .ind badly m.magcd- 



Tnuirrt. Much frWhold, coiuidtfaUe cstat of cop.hold, 



ionic < linn h, . oOl gc, and l,ia|'ialltnri Kind. 



.i. Built&ngt. 



//..t.»ri , : t prUprftOM '. Numerous, splendid, c..ium..ii..i .. 



. repairs, i lldesl buill with timber Utthed 



■ad plastered, roofj tnaicnadi rn-tni piecemeal . droatedin 



i, sides of lams, and near large ponds. Those buill 



within tin- peasent cauiuij < red * Itb mi a. 



Sutton Court, (%nrwlck, VVlclurroeni and l-ic- 



WOffth, m..lely of llini kind. \ t rv liw 1. miniums required on 

 bu farms. 



•, hrn k Bnd till d. and BJDI rally in \ ill.it;*-> ; formerly 



with rightof cxnusion, now dansawsj tr/encs 

 I LfWc pjf ll. i ttpation. 



< Ihrmt, Ucncre'l* smsft compered with other coon. 

 ties; three cow-firms neartown, from 500 to '."<i acres each, 

 rented >l from 80004 to SODOt inch. Mam orSOO/.; average 



.nils I0W, 

 I h.ir.iffrr ./ the fnrmern. Four claw*. 1. Cow-keej>ers, 

 g inli tier-, and rmiMT* men. 2, Amateur farmers of fortune. 

 -V Amateur farmers, who have left Other pursuits. 1. I ont- 



merelal or p f nfr t alor iiil fanners, equal in number to half the 

 others. 



Karat artificers. Had; impossible to pet any agricultural 

 Implement or outchlne madeon a good principle try the country 

 artificers; hut able mechanics in London; Cottam and Hallen, 

 H -• arid Phillips, Soowden* and esLMtcUdly Weir, a North- 

 umberland ni.m, and practically acquainted with agriculture. 



Raw paid in money, sometimes a small part in butter and 

 it fixed prices. Varies from IDs. to 10L per acre, or 

 higher for nurseries. 



Tithes in many places taken in kind, in some compounded 

 for annually, or tor .1 tne<l period. 



/'•■or, dmi the rates fur thar r, ti<f, average 3*. fid. per acre. 



Leases, general, often for fourteen and twenty-one years, 

 drawn up by lawyers — *' a composition of obsolete unintelli- 

 gible covenants." 



J 1 1 true and profit. Expenses on entering a farm, greater 

 than in distant places! profits seldom more than a nice sub- 

 sistence to the farmer. The increase of canals, and the pro- 

 sjutt of steam carrlagi s and locomotive steam-engini - on rail- 

 roads, i- rapidly rendering distant and near tarms and farmer* 1 

 profile on a level. 



.> Implements. 



-All bad ; plough barbarous; threshing mills rare. 

 <>. Enclosing. 



Now mostly enclosed. Nineteen commons enclosed from 

 Ism to 1806, containing VI 1,1 H H I aires and upwatds. I lid 

 I of a mixture of white and black thorn, maple, haze , 



briar, crab, damson-plum, Stc.j new of white thom with ditch 

 and i' mk ; gates mostly live-boned, a nd of oak; enclosures too 

 numerous. 



7. Arable Land. 



About 1I,ihhj acres; wretchedly managed, ploughed with 

 teams of three or four horse.; rotation generally fallow, wheat, 

 beans. 



8. Grass Lands. 



iws better managed ; hay-making good. 



!' Gardens and Orchards. 



From Kensington through Hammersmith, Chiswick, Brem- 

 I" .1. [alewortb, and Twickenham, seven miles of garden 

 ground ; may be denominated the great London fruit garden, 

 north of the Thames. An upper and under crop taken .it the 

 same limi ; the upper the fruits on trees; the under straw- 

 berrtes and various herbaceous crops. To increase shelter and 



warmth in autumn, they raise banks of soil ." feet high, fating 

 ■ I to an angle of 45' ; on these they plant 

 endive in September, and near the bottom, from October to 

 Christmas, they drill a row of peas; the endive is preserved 

 from rotting, and the peas come to maturity nearly as early as 

 il under a wall. The springs here lie eight or ten" feet under 



7778. SURREY. 



the -uil'.i, e, and the water is raised from tin- wells by a bucket 



and lever, balanced bj a stone, [fig. 1st.) Three thousand 



trden around hare, employing See persons, a man, 



and three children, par acre, during the winter half. 



year, and daring summer, five )K.-rs.«is more, chielly Welsh 



n. Estimated produrc lmi/. per acre. 



. gttrdrru. .Much rreah littery dung required for 

 mushrooms, early 1 11. umbers, salads, potatoes, aspa- 

 ragus, Sec. Consumption of the rutropolit and its environs, 

 lor Iruits and vegetables, estimated at upwariU of a million 

 sterling per annum. Several fanning gardens pay IOOO( per 

 annum. ' 



Nurtery ground*. About 1500 acres, producing 75.000/. 



a year. ^ ' 



In. Woods o»d Plantations. 



Copmand moult decreasing forages: still a few acres near 

 Hampstead and Highgate. 



11 t ran Ihnlxr much disfigured bv being pollarded or 

 limiusd to may-poles. 



Ili/Airc. oronen. .Many islets on the Thames, tented bv 

 basket-makers, and planted with osiers; also, wet l«>rder s ,.'f 

 the river so planted. Species Sails vitellma. umvgdiilina, or 

 almond letved, and viminalis, or osier; willows when cut 

 made up in bundles, or boults, forty -two inches round, at six- 

 teen inches al.ove the but-ends. 



II. Improvements. 



Drauu'ru; to carry oir surface water. Tne mixle of making 

 surface gutters on meadows, by means of an addition to cart- 

 wlnels I3;i ( y.), invented by the reporter. 



M,i„,i,; produced in London by .-,11,1111:1 horses, 8000 cons, 

 and / 00,000 human beings, equals oOO.OOO loads; of which, 

 halt is carried into the Thames by the sewers, including ninetv- 

 nine per cent of the night soil. 

 l l - Lav Stock. 



i^-ss livestock on the farms of this counrv than in any other- 

 no breeding. Short homed cows of lloldefness chietly'used l.y 

 milkmen: mnnber kept 8500; average produce nine quarts 

 p.r oa< ; ted on hay, turnips, brewer's grains, linseed cake and 

 Jelly, and grass : retail dealers adulterate the milk, prelerring 

 dirty water to clean; and adulterate the ire mi by adding 

 molassses and a little salt. Very little butter made in th. . 

 Brewer's drays supplied with horses from the Berkshire far- 

 mers, who buy them young from .Northampton-hire, and work 

 them two or three years before they sell them. Not more than 

 one dove-house in the counts- ; but many pigeons kept in 

 empty win,, pipes set upon posts, fifteen or t»c nty feet high, 

 and many kept by journeymen tradesmen, pigeon fanciers in 

 the poorer parts ol Londun, and most other towns and villages 

 ofthecoimly. h 



lo. Rural Economy. 



Hit the manual labour done bv the job ; labourers ruined in 

 morals and constitution, by the public houses. Gentlemen's 

 servants a bad and contaminating sel. 



14 Political Economy. 



Highway, of the parishes good, turnpike roads generally- 

 managed on .Macadam's principle, and good ; several canals 

 terminate in or near London ; and .New Hiver for supplying 

 water; fairsun the decline. I'xbridge the greatest com market 

 next to Mark Lane. Great cattle markets, llounslow and 



SmithheUl. Commerce great. Manufactures not many ; con. 

 Stderine agriculture as a manufacture, and the -oil as the raw 

 material, and wonh lll». per acre, at an average of England ; 

 it is increased in value to ol. or 5" jl. per cent. Distilleries and 

 breweries numerous. 



15. Obstacles to Improvement. 



Tnhes, land-agents being attorneys, bad leases, bad rural 

 artificers, bad ann thieving servants. 



16. Miscellaneous Observations. 



Society of Arts, Veterinary College, excellent institutions. 

 Fine- called heriots should be removed ; weights and measures 

 lately regulated ; much damage is done bv game. 



17. Means of Improvement. 



Ample in the metropolis, and the progress rapid; in tile 

 country, want ot intelligence the gTand drawback. 



A surface of 519,010 acres beautifully varied : poor and heathy in the west chalky 

 in the cist ami clayey in the south The field rult.vation of clover and turnips appears to have first taken 

 P ,,e ,n this country. . s/. ■■,.. ■»>,,„ s Survey, 1813. Malcolm's Survey, 1809. Marshals Jlevinv, 1818 

 Smith's Geological Mop, Vtili. i-uiin. Gaz., 18270 ' 



1. Geographical State and Circumstances. 

 r/im,,/r. Healthy winds S.W.and W.: seldom blows from 

 anv |K.int between N.W. and X E. for any tune. East winds 

 in spring, and then weather cold, raw, and drizzling. Most 

 rain fail, when the wind is S.S.VV- or S. 



at and most irregularly distributed; a broad 



tiering Susan : patches of brick earth 



at WaJwortMnitton, and Stoke. Considerable extent of chalk 



'""■' ' Nnttlield. and theme narrowing in the 



the county. A g,.od deal of black ril b 

 land e ■ ong all the toils 



i- i'"",V"."i ';,";"•'■ "; 1 "'^ "'■'■•™d Richmond n,n 



L"th ll : I'- highest, command, ,, prospect of 



i -very side. 



the action ol ■ common fire. Owing to this none 

 . proprietor of Ihe Vauxhall plate-glass yy.uks, , ,„' 

 the Freni h from 



■ r-.i ihe art of puue-gbu> making n. 



gms,. ,.f a con. ] 



"hlcb hardens under water; contains ■ little Hint, i lialk 

 11 "' hiefly as a manure. The sandal the finest 



kingdom, and in considerable den, .nil for egg and 

 -ntng-and boxes, etc At Nonsuch, there is a 

 lied of brick earth, Rom which ftrc l.riiks and cru. 

 made, 



rce ni nunrj places, particularly on th. 



upplii s procured round 1 Ion, by boring down from 



ene hundred to Im bundled f l to the ih'alk stratum, where 



the water is excellent, soft, and abundant. A rtesian (from the 

 county of Artois, where such wells were first brought into 

 notice,) wells are now so numerous in the neighbourhood of 

 London, that in j. laces where ihe water formerly rose in the 

 bore three or four fi-et al.ove the surface, it will "now scarcely 

 reach the surface, \ttag. Hat. Hist. vol. ii. and iii.) 



Pith ponds common on the heaths, at the western side of 

 the county ; have been used for upwards .,f two centuries, 

 for breeding and rearing carp and other fish. One of the 

 largest, containing one hundred and fifty acres, is near 

 Hersham. 



Mineral niiters numerous. Epsom water is impregnated 

 With sulphate of magnesia, and is purgative. Epsom salts 

 originally made there, n.,yv chielly from common salt water at 

 Lymington in 'U arwickshire. The other springs are more or 

 less Impregnated with sulphate of magnesia, c.rbonate of lime, 

 and iron. ' 



2. state rf Properly. 



No large estates: largest 10,000/. a rear. Yeomanrv not 

 l ; but some gentlemen round Guildford fann'their 

 i ■ n ,. tansot Iron, "Oil/, to 4007. per annum. Estates mostly 

 n: inaged by attorneys; so far proper as to law terms, but as 

 absurd as to agricultural restrictions, as it would be to employ 

 a t.nn.er to draw up the covenants in technical language. Till 

 Uie tanner hi . nines active, inquisitive, free from prejudice, 

 ana Intelligent, ,no covenants, or care of attorneys and stewards, 

 will Prevent him from injuring himself and his landlord by 

 bad husbandry. When he becomes active, Sec. he will take 

 sre "1 the landlord s interest lor the sake of his own ; ami the 

 nrst step to forcing Ihe farmer to become active and intelligent 

 ' hletly'i're, hom '° CIerlio " s ot " >>•» «' w » "»"d- Tenures 



.. Buildings. 



Few counties thai can vie with Surrey in the number and 



