I I 28 



STATISTICS OF AGRirri.n-RF. 



Tart IV. 



wr.iltU ICut aim. N/e <.n the J»owm» IxtXJ to Jon* *cre». 

 lithe taken in Und la manj places, in other* compounded 

 tor. I'.wr's rate- high. 



5, Implements. 



Plough wtth tWO vfaWMh Urge BBd iHglltfflj ilurns*. The 



KocfaflRuoo plough bitronncadi tad daanasd anal unprova- 



incut. Several ei eel lent am implement* introduced DJ the 

 noblemen already mentioned. 



h. Endoting, 



Coontj enclosed f'^m ssn4*ari mtknilty; field* »mall ; 

 aadaai ran Irregular and broad. \\ blta thorn sauces .it Good. 

 wood< bg the Dufcaof Kit braond, tr ain adtn a maeterij man- 

 ner ; Uing like walU, or rather h'-gt;ed manes >-f verdure rising 

 from the earth. 



7. Arable land. 



• had, three or f.»ur horvr« to a plough with a holder 



tn». r j plotud) from DM h*tf to three quarters of an W re 



a d iy ; t.illi.wnn; HCncnJ on the still" soils. Rotation had, 



barloi often bl OV . w boat Wheal tr.nl in on the mikK lands; 



ttoaaa ad by Ball, ami generally cleaned with a shovel and 



It. "mii ; ODC or two thrediing and w innowing machines. Oats 

 a Una! ileal cultivated on the wealds. Teas much cultivated 

 on the Nouih l^wnj. Hops much cultivated on the eastern 

 part of the county ; but not found profitable. Rhubarb, and 

 the Poppy '"'T opium cultivated h> K. of Kk*reinont. The root! 

 of die rnub urfa, after grow in- seven or eight years, are taken 

 up, vaahadi dried m the mim, and then cut in slices and dried 

 on the bot-houae tlues. (oKG.) Incisions are made in the poppy 

 hi lOBj and the exuded juice, when dry, scraped or!" into ail 

 rartnea vessel, dried in the sun, and preserved for use. Inci- 

 sions are in. uh- as lone; as inilk flows. Andre, the domestic 

 siirce^n, \w^ the home-crown rhubarb and opium, and no 

 other. Saintfian d.*.*-. well on the chalkv soi's, and lucerne 

 !i< ir Battboarne and Itriu'hton. Lord Fremont tried It Mf 

 a r ( -s of cliiccory, and found it support much stock, though on 

 a jHwr sod. 



8. Grass Land. 



Mulls managed; overrun with rubbish. One person tried 

 bay oiled when stacking ; he oiled every layer, with a watering 

 pan and rose, Lighth « ]th linseed oil ; the"ha\ came out moist 

 and clammy ; and it Is laid that beasts, and 'sheep were fond 

 of it, hut it was deemed too hot for horses. Salt sprinkled 

 on hay when a little damaged found a great advantage; it is 

 i Hacking. 



SL Orchards. 



onsiderable orchards, and cider made. One or two 

 fig orchards at Tarring, near W'orthiug. (See Encyc. of Gard. 

 Hustex.) 



I" l\'<tn<l$ and Plantations, 175,000 acres. 

 Count] celebrated from the remotest antiquitv for the growth 

 ot Its timber, especially oak. County at the conquest one 

 continued forest, which extended from Hampshire to Kent. 

 I ruterwoods cut at twelve years, for hooj^ and hop-poles. 

 Ash the most profitable underwood. Finest oak timber at 

 I'etwurth. 



II Wastes. 



* if considerable extent to the north of the countv. Pome 

 hundreds of acres improved by E. of Egremont answer well. 



12. Improvements. 



E. ..f Egremont sent for Ktkington to find water to till a 

 lake. E. undertook to do so; but all his trials and predictions 

 ot the effect of certain tarings and ojien cuts, which he caused 



ida, proved abortive ami false i no w«ter was found. 



Failed in three remarkable nistauc. •. at Pet worth, hut drained 



a meadow rerj well. Lord Kgreinont con&lden him ax not 



a Sclontlflc drainer, but u very good common drainer, and 

 nothing more. 



1 ; Live Stock. 



Cattle and sheep among the best in the kingdom; total 

 amounl Oi riwep kept i-. about 450,000; cattle red; little 



dairying; generally breeding and frHhig- Oxen worked ex- 

 tenalvelj by K. of Kuremont and Lord Sheffield; broken to 

 the yon at two yean and a half; yokes hw feet lorn; used 

 ■nd pn-t erred by Lord Kgremont. Lord Shellield harm-.s«-s 

 the same as for horses; twelve oxen and nine horses r< quired 

 to work voo acres in tillage. For hoven cattle One quart "f 

 U ns eed oil given, which vomits them directh, and never tails 

 in giving relief. South Down sheep celebrated. Ellman the 

 first breeder both of cows and sheep; breads from the same 

 race. New I-eicester and Spanish breeds introduced to the 

 county by Lord Sheffield. Rahbitsabound and flourish even 

 where, and are the nuisance of the county. Fowls fattened to 

 great perfection at North Chappel and Kinsford: food, oats 

 ground, hog's grease, sugar, pot liquor, and milk, all mixed; 

 or oats, treacle, and suet ; also, sheep's plucks ; they are kept 

 very warm, and crammed morning and night ; put into the 

 coop two or three days before the> begin to cram inem, which 

 is done for a fortnight, when they weigh 7 or S lbs. each, and 

 are sold to the higglers ; average weight '> lbs., but some weigh 

 double. One of Lord Egreinont's tenants crams 200 fowls a 

 year; many capons fed in this manner; great art requisite in 

 cistrating them, and numbers die in the operation. The 

 Dorking or Darking fowls extensively raised in the wealds of 

 Sussex ; Horsham principal market for them. 



The Jish-ponds on the weald are innumerable : carp the 

 chief stock; but tench, perch, eels, and pike, are raised. A 

 stream should always flow through the pond, and a marly 

 soil is l«st. Carp ted with peas in marl-pits have weighed 

 251b*. per brace. Carp kept five years before seHing ; then 

 twelve to fifteen inches long; 100 stores, or onevear-old carp 

 will stock an acre. At one year old, carp is three" inches long . 

 at two years o'.d, seven ; at three, eleven or twelve inches ; 

 at four, fourteen or fifteen ; and then thev breed. Lord Fgre' 

 mont has breeding and feeding ponds; fishes them even three 

 years. 



14. Rural Economy. 

 Labour high, as smuggling attracts away many young men. 



15 Political Economy, 



Roads bad on the clayey districts, good on the chalkv* Rother 

 river rendered navigable at Lord Egreniont*s expense. Fairs 

 numerous. Manufactures of iron, charcoal, gunpowder, paper, 



bricks, and potash. large court ofpoor-hou^> at Eastbourne, 

 of which a plan and elevation is given in the " Keport." In 

 1772, a society was established at Lewes for the encourage 

 ment of agriculture, manufacture, and industrv, by .'■ hn BaJu t 

 Holroyd, Esq., now Lord Sheffield, and premiums offered; 

 but. on the breaking out of the war in 177S, it was dropped 

 In 17i»7 Lord Egremont established a society at Lewes, and 

 gave large premiums. This society still exists! The patriotic 

 and charitable exertions of E. of Egremont are most exten- 

 sive- He gives away to proper objects immense quantities of 

 clothes ; food twice a week ; feasts all the labouring classes at 

 Christmas; and keeps a surgeon, apothecarvV shop, and mid- 

 wife, entirely for their service: they are also inoculated, and 

 instructed gratis., &c. 



7780. KENT Cant or Angle) forms the south-cast corner of the kingdom, and extends over 900,600 

 acres. It is diversified by chalky eminences in some places, low marshy grounds on the Thames and part 

 Of the sea-coast, and an inland, flat, and woody tract bordering on Sussex, called the Weald, or wood 

 (Saxon}. It is one of the oldest cultivated counties in England ; it was noted even by Julius Cssar, as 

 " tin- civilest place of all this isle, and full of riches." Viewed from the great road from Dover to London, 

 it has, with the exception of the Downs near Dover, a more garden-like appearance than any county in 

 Britain Its agriculture is various j and it is celebrated for the culture of hops, fruits, barley, and various 

 irarden crops. {Boy's Kent, 1796. Marshal's Review, 1818. Smith's Geological Map, 1819. Edin.0ax. % 

 18.7.) 



1. (jcegraphtcal State and Circumstances. 



Climate. Subject to cold winds; the prevailing are the 

 V K. and Jv\\ . ; former in winter, attended bv severe frosts, 

 twelve inches of ice, and the destruction of turnips. .Milder 

 U B.W. part of the countv. I n Shepm and Thanet an early 

 barrest, eommeneei July 20. on the lulls 1st August. 



i hat of Thanet rich on rock chalk ; of East Kent 

 very various; chalk, loam, strong loam, hazel mould, stiff 

 clay, thm, grevaj, sand. Isle of Bhepp; strong itirl clai ; 

 u ■ i Kent van rsnou, Uit chalk and foam on chalk rock 

 ; Weald chiefly clay, but mould, sand, and gravel in 

 4 fern places. lUminey Mardi sediment of the sea ; a soft loam 

 ami i lav. 



Smrjik*. Gently varied hills of chalk ; 

 loo ■ of RoMex. 



Downs not BO high as 

 Us. Numerous chalybeate springs, at Tunhridcc Wells 



thee I 



2, State of Pr o perty. 



Much divided j nuniberof yeomanry on the mcrease; 9000 

 fr.-, hold-, nul i good deal oft burch and college lands: socage 

 and taveiUnd tenures prevalent. 



B ■ . 



Twenty or thirty nuhleineiV* seats, and main seats of Ren- 



tlemen and citizen*, merchants, bankers. \l; few modern* 

 rm-housa; old ones of oak at chestnut, and ill con- 

 I h atched ; now Im pr u r h isi « ■> taees are 



t» gen ble, bulli with Inicks and lUea. 



; \!<>ifr nj Occupation. 



• tirius araatesl on poor lands t manj rarmi from ten 

 res each, hta exceed 900 acres, some 000 la 1 ■>•<» 

 ritbes ni man] parts collerted In v 



■ ■ ' i I arch U an i 



Sna on twenty-one ye ir>, reiu-uahle. 



I'lemcnts. 

 K- ntish turna real plough ahnosl the onrj one known In the 

 j horses i" heavy, and three in II . 

 Corn rak.-s in u*c after mown corn. Stubble rale- (.- drag 

 stubble tccetber; first Ihieabing-machlne erected at Betsh- 

 tmjer h> the reporter. 



6. Enclosing. 



No common-field lands but several commons; fences old and 

 broad, bells of copse more frequent than thorn hedges. Water 

 fences eight to fourteen feet wide, and from three to five feet 

 deep in the marsh lands; post and rail fences prevalent in 

 Komney Marsh. Neither fences, drains, nor water furrows 

 wanted in Thanet, where corn is grown, and often, for years in 

 succession, without manure. 



7. Arable hands. 



Plough for all crops from five to seven inches deep. Fallow s 

 always made on poor lands. Rotations good. Teas of various 

 kinds for podding are sown from the middle of February to the 

 end of .March- Leadman's dwarf and the early grev thought 

 the most prolific. Canary seed and radish seed much cultivated 

 in Thanet and East Kent for the London seedsmen. Radish 

 seed sown in March, and crop seldom fit to reap before Octol-er, 

 and is sometimes out on the tieUKat Christmas without receiv- 

 ing any injury from wet weather; requires much rain to rot 

 the pons that it may thresh ; will produce from eight to twentv- 

 four bushels per acre. Spinach sown in March in Thanet; 

 when id blossom the male plants (it being a dioecious plant) 

 are pulled and Riven to pigs with advantage. Crop threshed 

 on the field : produce, two to five quarters i*-r acre. Kidney- 

 beans much cultivated at Sandwich and m Thanet for the 

 London seedsmen ; plant from five to ten gallons i»er acre be- 

 tween the mi, and 20th of May ; if earlier in danger of frosts; 

 Polled up trj r.*.t- from August to October, tied up in bunches 

 and hung on poles to ripen ; produce, ten to twentv bushels j>er. 

 a. r ( -. Cress and white mustard sown at the rate of two or three 

 k u Ions per ai re in Man h ; reaped in July and threshed in the 

 held; produce, eight to twenty bushels per acre. Weld sown 

 • ins at the last hoeing in the beginning of July : ten 

 i lbs. of seed per acre; nulled when in boom, which 

 happens the second \..ir. in July, and tied in single handfuts 

 to dry ; when dry bound in bundles, weighing thirty lbs. : sixty 

 ot these a load; pr. duce, from one half to one and a half load 

 I ' i ' " Sometimes remains In ^•«>ls or barns for several 

 ■ 1 '" of a market; at other times SlLper load; gene* 

 i ii i bough) by spe uiaring men bants, who supplj the d*er* 

 with it as opportunny otters- Madder fbrmerh much culti 



