CALENDARIAL INDEX. 



l'J:>7 



8 Orchards (4079.) and Hop-grounds. (5997.) 



Grafted trees should be looked over occasionally, and any that 

 the clay has dropped from re covered. Remove suckers and 

 superfluous side shoots. 



Stir and clean the hop-plantations ■ place the poles, tie the 

 vines where necessarv ; and towards the end of the month, 

 when the number of shoots wanted have taken the lead ; cover 



the stool or centre of the plant with a small hill of soil, to pre- 

 vent it from sending up more shoots. 

 9. IVoud-tands and Plantations. (S906.) 

 Continue to bark oak trees, and also the larch, and sui h 

 others as are adapted for the farmer (4(111.), but finish, if pos- 

 sible, by the middle of the month. Keep newly planted largo 

 trees properly staked, and all kinds of cultivated ground clear 

 of weeds. 



JUNE. 



Weather 



Average of 

 the Ther- 

 mometer. 



London - 

 Edinburgh 

 Dublin - 



22 



2 



76 



Greatest 

 Variation 

 from the 

 Average. 



Average 



of the 



Barometer. 



29 03 

 29 fi66 

 so or, 



Quantity 

 of Rain. 



0-332 inch. 



1-935 



0-SGO 



REMARKS. 

 The weather is sometimes cold at the beginning, but is 

 generally agreeable and steady towards the middle of the 

 month. By observing the columns indicating the 

 greatest variation of the thermometer in each month, it 

 will be seen that it varies, in London, only two d< grees in 

 June, which is less than in any of the preceding months. 

 In July and August the variation is the same; but in 

 March and October it is twice as much. 



1. Calendar of Animated Nature round London. 

 In tlie first week : the sedge-sparrow I f asser arundinacea), the 



fly-catcher (Muscicapa Atricapflla), the wasp (Cespa vulgaris), 

 and several species of the bee and butterfly appear. 



Second week: the bumet moth (Sphinx filipeliduUe,, and 

 forest-fly (Hippobdsca equina) appear ; bees swarm. 



Third week: several flies, butterflies, moths, beetles, and other 

 insects appear. 



Fourth week : insects abound ; and singing-birds begin to 

 retire to the woods, and leave off singing. 



2. Calendar of Vegetable Nature round London. 

 In the first week : water-lilies (A'ymphffi'a et A'uphar) flower; 



also iVi's Pseud-acorus, /t'nthemis Cotula, Polygonum Persi- 

 caria, Jl/aiva rotundifoha, and numerous other plants. 



Secoml meek : the vine, raspberry, and elder in full flower ; 

 also various Scotch roses (Kosaspinosfssima), broom (Spartium), 

 nettle (t/rtica), and wheat in the ear. 



Third week: the O'rchis, Epilobium, J l ris A'iphium and 

 •riphiciides, the hardy Z'xiae and Gladioli, and a great variety of 

 garden and field plants in flower ; also the wheat and many of 

 the pasture grasses. 



Fourth week: some black and red currants ripe, strawberries 

 in abundance; young shoots of trees and shrubs have nearly 

 attained their length. Oats and barley in flower blue-bottle, 

 scabious (Centaurea Cyanus), and numerous others in bloom. 



3. Farm-yard. (2902.) 



Soiling is the principal operation now going forward (5542.), 

 and requires the utmost attention to the cleanliness of the 

 animals, whether fatting tattle, feeding milch cows, or horses. 



4. Live Stock. (6216.) 



Wash and shear sheep (7201.); examine flocks individually 

 as to the fly (7173.) ; see to shade for every description of stock 

 when the weather is hot. Bees swarm during this and next 

 month. 



5. Grass Lands. (5648.) 



Hay-making is now a principal business (5544. and 5792.) 

 Any tussocks or flower-stalks (bents) which appear, notwith- 



standing the close feeding of April and May, should now tie 

 mown (5772.); thistles and similar weeds cut out close by the 

 root (6202.); pare and bum as in May (5209.); clean out 

 ponds, water-courses, wells, &c. See that clovers, tares, or 

 other soiling crops are mown close to the soil. 



6. Arable Lands. (4925.) 



Great part of the turnip process goes on during the three 

 first weeks of this month and the latter half of May. (53,3.) 

 Dung fallows and otherwise bring them forward (4568.), drain- 

 ing (4213.), levelling, altering ridges, &c. as the case may re- 

 quire ; weed broad-cast crops, and stir the soil between such 

 as are in rows. Warping, where it can be practised, may now 

 be commenced ( 1-150. ) ; thin out the first sown turnips. (o40u.) 



7. Fences (2960.), Roads (3523.), and Drains. 



(4213.) 



Weed hedges, but avoid clipping them, which only creates a 

 close surface of feeble shoots, that in the end becomes so thick 

 as to exclude light and air from the central stems, and occa- 

 sions their languishing and death. (2985.) ,.„ r , i 



Dig and otherwise prepare materials tor roads (oboj.) anu 

 drains. (4284.) 



8. Orc/tards (4079.) and Hop-grounds. (5997.) 

 Insects, or other effects of what are called blights, can seldom 



be destroved on so large a scale as that of the farm-orchard or 

 hop-gard'en. Burning weeds or wet straw, litter, &c. will do 

 something; and on a small scale, washing with lime-water, 

 soap-suds, tobacco -water, or a mixture of these, will prove 

 effectual. (6056.) Those who tie the binds or vine of the hop 

 to the poles, instead of leaving them to nature, have generally 

 completed the operation by the middle of the month, in some 

 early spots the superfluous shoots are cut olt about the end ot 

 the month. 



9. Wood-lands and Plantations. (3906.) 



The woodman is now chiefly employed in trussing up the 

 branches of barked trees, and otherwise disposing ot what is 

 unfit for timber purposes. (40-19.) Old copses or stools of trees, 

 woods, or hedges, may now be advantageously stocked up, 

 stacked, and when dry, charred for fuel. (4068.) 



JULY. 



Weather 

 at 



London - 

 Edinburgh 

 Dublin - 



Average of 

 the Ther- 

 mometer. 



66 3 



60 6 



61 13 



Greatest 

 Variation 

 from the 

 Average. 



Average 



of the 



Barometer. 



29 89 

 29 445 

 29 929 



Quantity 

 of Rain. 



2-194 inch. 



2-546 



2-614 



1 Calendar of Animated Nature round London. 



Inlhe firstweek: the cuckoo (Cuculuscan&rus) leaves off sing- 

 ing ; the stone-curlew (Charadrius CEdicnemus) whistles occa- 

 sionally late at night, and the golden-crested wren (JBotacflla 

 /tegulus) now and then chirps. 



Second week: the quail (Tetraoferrueiheus) calls ; thecuckoo- 

 spit, or frog-hopper (Cicada spumana), abounds. 



Third week: young frogs migrate. Hens moult. 



Fourth week .-the great horse-fly (Tabanus tovinus) appears ; 

 and partridges fly. _ _ 



2 Calendar of Vegetable Nature round I.ondon. 

 In the first week: enchanter's nightshade (Circse'a lutetiana) 



and lavender (Lavandula spica) in flower, and pinks and car- 

 nations in full bloom. . 



S.cond week : the fallen star (Tremella 2V,Moc) appears ; also 

 puff-balls (Lvcopenlon Bi vista), and sometimes the common 

 mushroom (/igaricus campestris). . 



Third week: raspberries and gooseberries ripe, potatoes in 

 flower, asparagus in beirv, the liliums in perfection. 



Fourth week: the truffle (Tuber cibarium) now hunted or dug 

 up .n commons and forests; nightshade (.Solanum nigrum), 

 devil's bit (Scabi&sa sui clsa), bumet saxifrage (Pimpinella Aaxl- 

 fraga), and a great number of plants in flower. 

 3. Farm-yard. (2902.) 



As in June; between hay and corn harvest is generally a 

 very good time for the farmer to make a tour to observe more 

 extensively the practices of his own district, and to witness 

 those of other districts. 



REMARKS. 



This was called hay month by the Saxons ; and though 

 hay-making near London is generally finished in June, 

 vet in places where manure is less abundant, it is chiefly 

 made in this month. The farmer's prospects as o 

 crop may now be determined as to almost every article 

 cultivated. 



4, 5. Live .Stock (6216.) and Grass Lands. (5648.) 

 Lambs are now weaned (7161.) when not fattened oft ; at first 

 they require the richest keep. As green food will now be 

 abundant, every animal about a farm that can live and ^thrive 

 or answer its end by the soiling system, shoubi be so treated. 

 The weather being hot, cattle or sheep in fields must be fre- 

 quently looked to, as to shade, water, and abundant kee. 

 Sutlering from thirst, or a want of food, they are vena t. 

 break through fences, which at this season is more than usually 

 injurious, on account of the state of the corn crops. 



6. Arable Lands. (4925.) 



Attend to weeding, hoeing, and .ot herwise moving the soil 

 between rowed crops, more especially potatoes and turnips. 

 Towards thl end of the month, the tWsow" white £rn.M 

 will be in a state to thin out; and a farther ttonping roaj be 

 advantageously given to field beet, carrots, &c, at this season. 

 Wiere feas are^so^ for podding, they will now be to abu, 

 ance forgathering; in warm si.ua «'o™ sooner. Buck-wheat 

 maynow be sown for autumnal food for game. (6111.1 . 



7. Fences (2960.), Roads (3523.), and Drams. 



(4213.) 



8. S Orchards (4079.) and Hop-grounds. (5997.) 



Cherries, strawberries, gooseberries, &c, where uroraa 



field cVons are now in gathering, and towards the end of the 



month, fallen apples and plums for tarts Hor^und.ar. 



looked over, and the superfluous vine pruned off, etc. In Kent 



4 K 3 



