12:JS 



CALEND \UIAI. INDEX. 



and other pUotl the a pruning! art often a perquisite uf llic 

 pram r, win) i.i) s tbem aaida as fodder fin 



9i IWnul-ltints nn-t Plantations. [9906.) 



i one tin- i:< in, ■ hi. hat oth 

 apt to bleed. ;3995.) Thll season answers perfectly tor pruning 



all *oru of trees ; and :f their i. an and spray were an object 

 in Bweden and Italy, no doubt ii would be pro- 

 md3996.) Wounds In braes do not no* 

 tnfMmft do i" spring and autumn; and they beaL 



ami are In put covered over with bark, befbfV the approach of 

 winter. (3993. • 



AUGl ST. 



1. Calendar of Animated Nature round London. 



In Vi< : Jit st week: lb ing ants (Formica) ippearj beesklU their 

 drones;' and tlie swallow-tailed butterfly [FapfliO Machaon] 



appears. 



week: young martins (Hirtindo urbica) and swallows 

 (Hbrundo rustica, begin to congregate, and swifts {/finindo 



■ 1 J art ; the whame, or burrel-fly ((E'strusAo vis), lays 



i marble butterfly (Papflio Se*mele) 



appe ir>. Various birds re- assume their spring notes. 



nuthatch (Mtta europo;*a) chatters, the 



urlew (Charadrius(Edicnemus) whistles at night, the 



( iprimulgus europaeVs) and young owls (Mrix 



uMula) m ike i noise in the evening ; robin -red breast ( J/otactlla 



Kubicuia) sings ; and rooks roost on then: nest-trees. 



2. Calendar of Vegetable Suture round London. 

 In the first week: melitot (Trifolium officinale), rue {/tuta 



m con (/'nris nieraciludes), burdock (-.4'rc- 

 tium Lappa] in flower; the bread-corn* ripe. 



fveek: wild clary (vilvia Kerbenaca), meadow-rue 

 (7'halictium tl.iviini), ploughman's spikenard (Conyza squar- 

 ; i .and various other natives in flower. 



Vhtrd week ; the mallow (.Valva Lavatera), hollyhock (.41cea 

 rosea), and lobe ias, among the garden-flowers; and the poly- 



fonums and potamogetons among the wild plants now in 



Fourth week: the autumnal crocus (Cdlchicum autumnale), 

 lago, Send lopaludosus, teasel (Dfpsacus f oll6niim ), 

 and various other plants m flower. The earlier varieties of all 

 the hardy kernel fruits ripe. 



a Farm-yard. (2902.) 



The rtck-yard should now be attended to (£906.); stack- 

 stands repaired or put in order : bottoming of faggots, and 

 Straw or rape hauhn got together; thatch in readiness, and 

 ropes made. (3184.) 



At any .spare period the teams may be employed carting out 

 the summer made dung to the wheat fallows, or to form Geld 

 dunghills for spring crops, coc. 



4. Live Slock. (62160 



Select thi stock of tamos to be kept as breeders. (7170.) 



' '-"imnonly bring their second litter of pigs in thi- month ; 



which, owing to the dropping corn, is generally one of abund- 



1 1, both for them and poultry. Farmers in some places 



look to the stubbles as a source of good food for their cows, as 



others do to the fallows for keep for their sheep. Where 

 either is the case, the culture must be of a very inferior de- 

 scription. 



5. Grass Lands. (5643.) 



Where meadows are manured, that operation generally goes 

 on after the hay is removed, or during winter; the surface in 

 r rase" being hard with drought, and in the latter by 

 frost. Alter grass should in general be shut up and reserved for 

 later keep, and in some cases as a winter resource. Keep down 

 weeds, tussocks, ant-hills, ficc. Turn the water on meadow- 

 : i : as soon as the hay is removed, and let it remain till a 

 third crop is in forwardness. (4387*) 



6. Arable Lands. (4-925.) 



Wee / and stir among green crops, earth up potatoes (5336.J, 

 but by no means turnips, unless Che soil toverydrj indeed, as 

 that operation only prevents them from attaining a full size. 

 commences in all the southern districts 1" the Grst 

 week of this month, and in some by the middle of July. When 

 the operation is executed by day work, the most unremitting 

 inspei i ion of the master is necessary; and even when the greatly 

 preferable mode of reaping by the acre is adopted, he should be 

 continually in motion from one party to another, to see that the 

 operation a per f ormed low and clean. 



Naked Jidfatvs in late situations receive the seed furrow dur- 

 ing this month, excepting in cases where the seed is ploughed 

 in, an operation general lv deferred to the middle of September. 

 Sow cabbage-seeds (4197.) for plants to put out in April next. 

 Sow turnips after early peas which have bt_en podded (5209.), 

 or early cut wheat, tares, cabbages, &c., or after hemp and flax, 

 which are gLneraily pulled by the middle of this month. (5880. 

 and 5922.) Grass seeds sown alone at this season (5b"92.) will 

 generally succeed better than at any other ; they germinate a* 

 well in spring; but the heats of July often burn up the tender 

 plants. 



7. Fences (2960.), Roads (3523.). ™id Drains. 

 (4213.) 



As in the two preceding months. 



8. Orchards (4099.) and Hop-grounds. (5907.) 

 Apples and plums of some sorts are now ripe. Grafts may in 



general be untied. Budding performed, and pruning, if desir- 

 able, as observed last month under woods ana plantations. 



9. Wood-lands and Plantations. (3906.) 

 See last month. 



SEPTEMBER. 



1. Calendar of Animated Nature round London. 



In thejfret week: young broods of coldiinches (Fringflla Car- 

 r. The linnet (/'rin-nui Linbia coi regales. The 

 bull /Ms raorui) makes his shrill autumnal no a I swal- 



■ 



Mrix fMmmea) hoot. The 

 saffron butterfly (Papflio Hyalej . i .1 under-wing 



moth f ' B 



are now cheap. 



Third week : the riri r>. The 



| i \ I . ■ : , 



Fourth RM tki ... The 



■ ; i : rea) s ngs. The wood 



rustfcol )and : rdus pilaris) appear; and the swal- 



low (//irumlo 1 uattt i departs. 



2, Calendar of Vegetable Nature round London. 

 Inthejbretweek: some fungi and ^travel- 

 ler's joy (< is In flower. 



Second week: catkins of the ha/el and birch formed; 

 and green, red, and black bei 



same time. J .. .ore, birch, lime, mountain. 



a.sii and elm, begin to change col 



Thirdntetk: the hn //...*i.i tfelix), laurel (/'minis L.iuio- 

 otrasu md furze 'C'Sex euroose'a) in flower. 



Fourth week: hips, haws, and nuts ripe. Leaves of plane- 

 tree (PuttanusJ tawny; of the hazel, yellow ; of the oak, yellow- 

 nj of the sycamore,, dirty brown; of the maple, pale 

 yellow ; of the ash, tine lemon ; of the elm, orange; of the 

 hawthorn, tawny yellow; of the cherry, red; of the hornbeam, 

 bright yellow ; of the willow, koary. 



3 Farm-tiard. (2902.) 



The rick~yard is now the chief scene of operations, En getting 

 earlier crops thatched [3185.] and later ones stacked. (3276.) 

 In all operations in tills department attend, as far as ciniiin- 

 stances will permit, to neatness* In the case of a proprietor or 

 amateur, neatness, order, and high keeping are essential in 

 i m i ■;. department. 



4. Lit 6216.) 



Tl i re is generally abundance of fat cattle and shefp in the 



market during this and nexl month. Lean stock, especially 



ire now brought in, and wintered or ted 



crt' on turnips. Wintering cat! e (6855.J also about the end of 



I ii. Poultry and pigs are now fat, and honey may be 



taken from bee-hires. 



& Grass Lands. [564 



As in August. Newly sown grass lands should now be 

 sparingly fed, in order to strengthen the plants for the winter. 



